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i have the distinct pleasure to

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introduce the our administrator

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administrator jim breinstein was

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nominated by president ronald president

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donald trump

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confirmed by the u.s senate and sworn in

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as nasa's 13th administrator on april 23

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2018.

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jim was elected in 2012 to represent

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oklahoma's first congressional district

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in the u.s house of representatives

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where he served on the armed services

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committee and the science space and

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technology committee

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jim's career in federal service began in

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the u.s navy

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flying the e-2c hawkeye off the uss

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abraham lincoln aircraft carrier

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it was there that he flew combat

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missions in iraq and afghanistan and

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accrued most of his 1900 flight hours

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and 333

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carrier assisted landings

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he later moved to the f-18 hornet and

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flew at the naval strike and air warfare

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center the parent command to top gun and

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as a reservist he also flew counter drug

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missions in central and south america

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after transitioning from active duty to

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the u.s navy reserve jim returned to

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tulsa oklahoma to be the executive

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director of the tulsa air and space

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museum and planetarium

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jim completed a triple major

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at rice university and earned his mba at

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cornell university he has three children

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as do i with his wife michelle and so

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please join me in welcoming our nasa

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administrator jim breinstein

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thank you

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[Applause]

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dr eugene too thank you for that great

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introduction thank you for not just my

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introduction but the introduction

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uh to the public

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of your really phenomenal center

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and just to be clear because we have 10

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centers across the united states of

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this you know this is the first time

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we've done this on nasa tv and of course

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you get the opportunity to present aims

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on nasa tv

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for the the viewing public

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but in the future we'll do this at other

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centers and we'll have other centers

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present their capabilities i think it's

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critically important for all of america

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to understand

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ultimately the capabilities that we

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bring to bear for our country as nasa

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and of course each one of these centers

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is important in that capability so thank

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you for your service you're doing a

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great job ames is spectacular as all of

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our centers are and i know that it's

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difficult

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to put together a knack at your center

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in particular um because uh it it it

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takes a lot of time and a lot of effort

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but uh but it's important for our

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country to to see what we do and this is

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uh this is a great thing uh for for you

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you to spend time and effort putting

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together so we appreciate you very much

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general lyles thank you for being the

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chairman of this critically important

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committee

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as as everybody in this room is aware

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and i hope more and more people get to

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be aware

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nasa has its history in seeking advice

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in fact one of the slides that that that

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you showed dr2 you showed that we have

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our history as naca

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the national advisory committee on

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aeronautics going all the way back to

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the nineteen teens i don't remember what

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the specific year was

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1915.

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so that's a that's a long time ago well

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before nasa existed

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but at the same time it was an advisory

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committee on aeronautics and it helped

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our country really establish itself as

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the preeminent

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airfaring country at the time and now we

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are the preeminent space faring nation

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on the planet so what this group does

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the nasa

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advisory committee is it helps me as the

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nasa administrator and helps our agency

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ultimately be able to make good

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decisions that are in the best interest

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of our country not only in aeronautics

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but also in space technology discovery

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exploration and science all of the

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things that are important for america to

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to keep its technological edge in the

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world so general isles thank you for all

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of your service to this country and of

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course your service here on the knack

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as you guys make excellent

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recommendations

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that we

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generally accept and sometimes don't

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but either way we want to get the best

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advice we can possibly get and of course

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going around the room

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it was not lost on me or anybody else

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how much expertise there is here in this

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room so thank you all for participating

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in this

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today

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so when we think about what we're up

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against as an agency and i'll just start

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talking about where we are right now

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and ultimately some of the space policy

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directives that i have as the nasa

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administrator coming from the

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administration coming from the president

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so he has

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already signed and issued

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three space policy directives the first

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one

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is our return to the moon space policy

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directive one

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says that the united states of america

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is going to the moon

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now people have said well we've heard

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this before we go back to

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the space exploration initiative of the

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1980s or the vision for space

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exploration of the 2000s early 2000s

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we've had other programs in the past

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where the united states said we're going

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to the moon and then sometimes i should

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say previously other than apollo we've

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gotten distracted budgets change and we

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ultimately don't accomplish the

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objective

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well in this particular space policy

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directive there are some differences

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between what we're doing now and what we

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attempted to do back then it starts with

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the fact

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that it specifically says that this time

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when we go to the moon we're going

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sustainably

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so it is on me to figure out how we get

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to the moon sustainably in other words

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we're not going to do flags and

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footprints again

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we all look back fondly on apollo

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critically important mission for our

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country but when it was over in 1972

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and some would argue that it went a

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little longer with the apollo soyuz

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project but when it was over we didn't

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go back to the moon we left flags and

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footprints and this time when we go

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we're going to go to stay

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we're going to go sustainably that's in

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the president's space policy directive

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one so how do we go sustainably

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well we start

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by taking advantage of capabilities in

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this country that didn't exist even five

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or ten years ago

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we have commercial companies that can do

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things that weren't possible even just a

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few years ago

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so we want to use those commercial

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capabilities that didn't exist to help

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develop this sustainable architecture we

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also have in the world now

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more space agencies than we've ever had

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before

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all over the world and we want to

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partner with our international partners

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to have that sustainable architecture

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and because of our commercial partners

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and our international partners there are

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things happening that enable us

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to get to space in a way that we haven't

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been able to get to space before the

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idea that we have reusable rockets

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the idea that you can launch or imagine

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if you flew across the united states you

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flew here to ames

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in a 737 and when when the mission was

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over you threw the airplane away

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how many of you would have flown here

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it wouldn't have happened

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but when you can reuse an airplane we

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can drive down the cost and we can

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increase access to aviation and now

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we're on the brink of driving down costs

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and increasing access to space

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which gives us new capabilities that we

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didn't have before because of

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reusability

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we also want to make sure that if we're

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going to go to the moon sustainably

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it's not just about reusable rockets

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which are impressive in themselves but

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we want reusable tugs to go from earth

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orbit to lunar orbit

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we want

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space stations around the moon that can

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be there for a very long period of time

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and we want landers that go back and

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forth from that space station or

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eventually space stations

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we want those landers to go back and

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forth over and over again reusing the

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landers themselves

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this ultimately is how we create

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this architecture for a sustainable

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return to the moon

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so in this particular case space policy

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directive one says that we're going back

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to the moon

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we're going sustainably we're going to

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utilize our commercial partners we're

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going to utilize our international

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partners and there's another piece here

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that's unique never been done before

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it's never been our policy as a country

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before but the policy is this

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we're going to utilize the resources of

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the moon

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people say well what resources are on

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the moon

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well from 1969 when we first landed on

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the moon all the way up until 2008 we

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believed the moon was bone dry

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and in 2008

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a discovery was made by india

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that nasa then

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corroborated and in a massive way

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we now know that there are hundreds of

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billions of tons of water ice on the

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surface of the moon

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especially at the poles

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well what does that mean

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water ice represents life support

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it's water to drink

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you know it's air to breathe oxygen

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and of course

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if you crack water into hydrogen and

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oxygen it's also rocket fuel the same

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fuel that's going to power the sls

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the same fuel that powered the space

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shuttles wayne

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so this is this is a great opportunity

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for us as an agency to say look there

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are right now resources on the moon we

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want to be able to prove out in-situ

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resource utilization

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using the resources of the moon to do

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more on the moon than we've ever been

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able to do before so that's another

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change

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in our policy as as a country so all of

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this is very positive

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the other thing that's important when we

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think about how do we get more access to

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more parts of the moon than ever before

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we talk about the gateway the idea that

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we're going to have this space station

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and i want to be careful because when we

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talk about a space station people think

283
00:10:12,550 --> 00:10:10,800
about the international space station

284
00:10:14,470 --> 00:10:12,560
this project that took all of these

285
00:10:16,069 --> 00:10:14,480
years to build and of course it's

286
00:10:17,829 --> 00:10:16,079
massive and

287
00:10:19,590 --> 00:10:17,839
that's really not what we're doing with

288
00:10:21,430 --> 00:10:19,600
the gateway what we're doing

289
00:10:22,630 --> 00:10:21,440
is we're putting a much smaller device

290
00:10:25,030 --> 00:10:22,640
in orbit around the moon that's going to

291
00:10:26,790 --> 00:10:25,040
have access by humans but it's also

292
00:10:28,230 --> 00:10:26,800
going to be maneuverable

293
00:10:30,069 --> 00:10:28,240
it's going to have solar electric

294
00:10:31,990 --> 00:10:30,079
propulsion it can not only stay in that

295
00:10:33,750 --> 00:10:32,000
near rectilinear halo orbit where it can

296
00:10:36,389 --> 00:10:33,760
be for a very long period of time

297
00:10:38,389 --> 00:10:36,399
without burning any station keeping fuel

298
00:10:40,230 --> 00:10:38,399
in other words a sustainable long-term

299
00:10:42,230 --> 00:10:40,240
mission in that orbit

300
00:10:44,389 --> 00:10:42,240
but with that solar electric propulsion

301
00:10:47,190 --> 00:10:44,399
it can also go to the l1 point and the

302
00:10:49,430 --> 00:10:47,200
l2 point and give us more access to more

303
00:10:51,829 --> 00:10:49,440
parts of the moon than ever before like

304
00:10:55,670 --> 00:10:51,839
i said from 1969 all the way up until

305
00:10:57,269 --> 00:10:55,680
2008 we believe the moon to be bone dry

306
00:10:58,949 --> 00:10:57,279
why is that well that's because in the

307
00:11:01,030 --> 00:10:58,959
apollo era we went to just a few

308
00:11:02,790 --> 00:11:01,040
portions of the moon you know in the in

309
00:11:05,509 --> 00:11:02,800
the equatorial regions

310
00:11:07,269 --> 00:11:05,519
six missions all critically important

311
00:11:09,590 --> 00:11:07,279
but they did not give us everything we

312
00:11:11,190 --> 00:11:09,600
needed to know about our nearest

313
00:11:13,509 --> 00:11:11,200
neighbor the moon

314
00:11:16,069 --> 00:11:13,519
so we want to retire risk we want

315
00:11:18,630 --> 00:11:16,079
reusable architectures we want to use

316
00:11:20,150 --> 00:11:18,640
that in essence space station in orbit

317
00:11:21,509 --> 00:11:20,160
around the moon the gateway we want to

318
00:11:23,430 --> 00:11:21,519
use that to get to more parts of the

319
00:11:24,790 --> 00:11:23,440
moon than ever before and this entire

320
00:11:26,790 --> 00:11:24,800
architecture

321
00:11:29,110 --> 00:11:26,800
needs to be published it needs to be

322
00:11:32,230 --> 00:11:29,120
public the interfaces we want

323
00:11:34,470 --> 00:11:32,240
interoperability whether it's the power

324
00:11:35,750 --> 00:11:34,480
or the docking we want everybody to look

325
00:11:37,670 --> 00:11:35,760
at it whether you're a commercial

326
00:11:39,670 --> 00:11:37,680
partner or an international partner if

327
00:11:41,590 --> 00:11:39,680
you want to build your own landers we

328
00:11:44,150 --> 00:11:41,600
want you to build your own landers and

329
00:11:46,790 --> 00:11:44,160
we want you to be compatible with our

330
00:11:48,470 --> 00:11:46,800
architecture between earth and the moon

331
00:11:50,310 --> 00:11:48,480
and in orbit around the moon we want you

332
00:11:52,150 --> 00:11:50,320
to be compatible we want to be able to

333
00:11:53,670 --> 00:11:52,160
do more than we've ever done before and

334
00:11:56,389 --> 00:11:53,680
so what we're going to do

335
00:11:58,629 --> 00:11:56,399
is build this critical infrastructure on

336
00:12:00,470 --> 00:11:58,639
and around the moon

337
00:12:01,750 --> 00:12:00,480
so space policy directive one is a big

338
00:12:03,829 --> 00:12:01,760
order

339
00:12:06,310 --> 00:12:03,839
and the last piece of it

340
00:12:08,230 --> 00:12:06,320
is we want all of these capabilities

341
00:12:11,190 --> 00:12:08,240
to retire risk

342
00:12:12,870 --> 00:12:11,200
prove in-situ resource utilization

343
00:12:14,230 --> 00:12:12,880
and we want to be able to replicate that

344
00:12:16,470 --> 00:12:14,240
at mars

345
00:12:18,870 --> 00:12:16,480
we talk about the gateway

346
00:12:20,710 --> 00:12:18,880
yes it is true the first gateway is

347
00:12:22,310 --> 00:12:20,720
about the moon

348
00:12:23,750 --> 00:12:22,320
we want more access to more parts of the

349
00:12:25,670 --> 00:12:23,760
moon we don't want to miss

350
00:12:27,190 --> 00:12:25,680
hundreds of billions of tons of water

351
00:12:29,269 --> 00:12:27,200
ice again

352
00:12:30,550 --> 00:12:29,279
we don't want to miss that again

353
00:12:32,310 --> 00:12:30,560
and you know we talk about what other

354
00:12:33,910 --> 00:12:32,320
resources might be there we don't know

355
00:12:35,670 --> 00:12:33,920
there could be trillions of dollars

356
00:12:37,509 --> 00:12:35,680
worth of platinum group metals we know

357
00:12:39,269 --> 00:12:37,519
that there are and i'm not saying there

358
00:12:41,030 --> 00:12:39,279
are i want to be clear

359
00:12:43,430 --> 00:12:41,040
but we know that there are rare earth

360
00:12:44,790 --> 00:12:43,440
metals that are extremely valuable

361
00:12:46,870 --> 00:12:44,800
well they're not earth metals at all

362
00:12:48,629 --> 00:12:46,880
they're asteroid impacts

363
00:12:50,310 --> 00:12:48,639
many there's and you know this because

364
00:12:52,870 --> 00:12:50,320
down at arizona state university you

365
00:12:54,310 --> 00:12:52,880
have the biggest archive of meteorites

366
00:12:56,069 --> 00:12:54,320
in the world

367
00:12:57,990 --> 00:12:56,079
those rare earth metals are asteroid

368
00:12:59,910 --> 00:12:58,000
impacts and we know that the moon has

369
00:13:01,990 --> 00:12:59,920
had lots of asteroid impacts just like

370
00:13:03,750 --> 00:13:02,000
the earth but the moon doesn't have an

371
00:13:06,069 --> 00:13:03,760
active geology and it doesn't have the

372
00:13:07,750 --> 00:13:06,079
the hydrosphere that we have which means

373
00:13:10,310 --> 00:13:07,760
those deposits could be just sitting

374
00:13:12,710 --> 00:13:10,320
there as they did a billion years ago we

375
00:13:14,629 --> 00:13:12,720
don't know i'm not saying that they are

376
00:13:17,590 --> 00:13:14,639
but to the extent that they exist we

377
00:13:19,670 --> 00:13:17,600
need to be actively working to make sure

378
00:13:20,550 --> 00:13:19,680
that we find them rather than somebody

379
00:13:22,629 --> 00:13:20,560
else

380
00:13:24,870 --> 00:13:22,639
so that's really utilizing the resources

381
00:13:27,190 --> 00:13:24,880
of the moon and then retiring the risk

382
00:13:29,269 --> 00:13:27,200
proving the capabilities understanding

383
00:13:31,269 --> 00:13:29,279
human physiology

384
00:13:33,590 --> 00:13:31,279
we know what happens when astronauts go

385
00:13:35,350 --> 00:13:33,600
into orbit go into a microgravity

386
00:13:36,870 --> 00:13:35,360
environment for a period of six months

387
00:13:38,710 --> 00:13:36,880
to a year we've proven that out on the

388
00:13:40,629 --> 00:13:38,720
international space station which has

389
00:13:42,629 --> 00:13:40,639
been an extremely successful project for

390
00:13:45,509 --> 00:13:42,639
the united states of america and all of

391
00:13:47,430 --> 00:13:45,519
our international partners we've seen it

392
00:13:49,030 --> 00:13:47,440
we know that you know astronauts will

393
00:13:50,389 --> 00:13:49,040
lose one to three percent of their bone

394
00:13:52,470 --> 00:13:50,399
mass per month

395
00:13:53,750 --> 00:13:52,480
we know that their neural vestibular

396
00:13:55,750 --> 00:13:53,760
systems will

397
00:13:57,910 --> 00:13:55,760
when they come back into a gravity will

398
00:14:00,949 --> 00:13:57,920
take come back into a gravity well will

399
00:14:02,870 --> 00:14:00,959
take a bit of time to ultimately

400
00:14:04,870 --> 00:14:02,880
be ready for them to do activities like

401
00:14:06,310 --> 00:14:04,880
drive or ride a bike do those kind of

402
00:14:07,750 --> 00:14:06,320
activities

403
00:14:10,710 --> 00:14:07,760
and and we know that the the

404
00:14:13,110 --> 00:14:10,720
cardiovascular system gets deconditioned

405
00:14:14,310 --> 00:14:13,120
there's other things we don't know

406
00:14:16,310 --> 00:14:14,320
although we're learning more and more

407
00:14:18,470 --> 00:14:16,320
every day about what happens in the

408
00:14:19,670 --> 00:14:18,480
microgravity environment

409
00:14:22,470 --> 00:14:19,680
with

410
00:14:24,629 --> 00:14:22,480
physiology but also in in the radiation

411
00:14:27,030 --> 00:14:24,639
environment of of space so we're

412
00:14:29,509 --> 00:14:27,040
learning these things all the time we've

413
00:14:31,430 --> 00:14:29,519
we're getting better understanding but

414
00:14:32,949 --> 00:14:31,440
the question is this

415
00:14:34,790 --> 00:14:32,959
do you want

416
00:14:37,030 --> 00:14:34,800
for the first time

417
00:14:40,230 --> 00:14:37,040
when we send somebody on

418
00:14:41,910 --> 00:14:40,240
a seven to nine month journey to mars

419
00:14:43,990 --> 00:14:41,920
do you want them for the first time

420
00:14:45,829 --> 00:14:44,000
proving all of this all of the

421
00:14:48,150 --> 00:14:45,839
physiology

422
00:14:49,750 --> 00:14:48,160
challenge and and proving that we can

423
00:14:52,069 --> 00:14:49,760
mitigate the physiology channel do you

424
00:14:54,150 --> 00:14:52,079
want them proving that out on mars where

425
00:14:55,990 --> 00:14:54,160
your next opportunity to come home is

426
00:14:57,910 --> 00:14:56,000
two years away

427
00:15:00,470 --> 00:14:57,920
or do we want to retire all of this risk

428
00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:00,480
both technology but technologically but

429
00:15:03,990 --> 00:15:02,560
also with human physiology do we want to

430
00:15:06,069 --> 00:15:04,000
prove it out first

431
00:15:07,829 --> 00:15:06,079
on a world that is only a three-day

432
00:15:09,829 --> 00:15:07,839
journey home

433
00:15:11,430 --> 00:15:09,839
if we have learned anything from apollo

434
00:15:14,230 --> 00:15:11,440
13

435
00:15:15,910 --> 00:15:14,240
it is that we can have things go bad and

436
00:15:17,750 --> 00:15:15,920
still make it home

437
00:15:19,350 --> 00:15:17,760
and in other words turn a failed mission

438
00:15:21,110 --> 00:15:19,360
into a successful mission we can do that

439
00:15:22,870 --> 00:15:21,120
from the moon something like that

440
00:15:24,870 --> 00:15:22,880
happens on the way to mars

441
00:15:26,949 --> 00:15:24,880
it doesn't work out so well

442
00:15:28,949 --> 00:15:26,959
so that's why we have the moon it can

443
00:15:32,069 --> 00:15:28,959
retire risk we can prove capability and

444
00:15:34,470 --> 00:15:32,079
then we can replicate it at mars

445
00:15:36,550 --> 00:15:34,480
so this is space policy directive one

446
00:15:38,790 --> 00:15:36,560
and of course most of that is going to

447
00:15:40,389 --> 00:15:38,800
fall on nasa and our commercial partners

448
00:15:41,829 --> 00:15:40,399
and our international partners

449
00:15:44,230 --> 00:15:41,839
so we're looking for advice on how to

450
00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:44,240
make this happen in an effective way

451
00:15:49,110 --> 00:15:46,160
space policy directive 2

452
00:15:50,470 --> 00:15:49,120
focuses on the regulatory environment

453
00:15:52,310 --> 00:15:50,480
we know

454
00:15:55,189 --> 00:15:52,320
that there are more things happening

455
00:15:56,629 --> 00:15:55,199
commercially in space than ever before

456
00:15:58,069 --> 00:15:56,639
some of the challenges we have as a

457
00:16:00,629 --> 00:15:58,079
country

458
00:16:03,110 --> 00:16:00,639
is that some capital in fact a good bit

459
00:16:04,949 --> 00:16:03,120
of capital is heading overseas and the

460
00:16:07,430 --> 00:16:04,959
question is why is it because we don't

461
00:16:09,030 --> 00:16:07,440
have the technology or the capability

462
00:16:10,870 --> 00:16:09,040
no in fact it's because we have a

463
00:16:12,389 --> 00:16:10,880
regulatory environment where some people

464
00:16:13,749 --> 00:16:12,399
would suggest

465
00:16:15,350 --> 00:16:13,759
that we don't have the ability to

466
00:16:17,749 --> 00:16:15,360
provide authorization and continuing

467
00:16:19,749 --> 00:16:17,759
supervision which is required under our

468
00:16:21,269 --> 00:16:19,759
international obligations

469
00:16:22,870 --> 00:16:21,279
so if somebody in the state department

470
00:16:24,629 --> 00:16:22,880
says we don't have that ability then

471
00:16:26,310 --> 00:16:24,639
launches don't happen and if launches

472
00:16:28,230 --> 00:16:26,320
don't happen here

473
00:16:29,749 --> 00:16:28,240
those capabilities go to other countries

474
00:16:31,590 --> 00:16:29,759
and we want those capabilities coming

475
00:16:33,590 --> 00:16:31,600
here we want capital flowing to the

476
00:16:35,350 --> 00:16:33,600
united states not capital flowing out of

477
00:16:37,670 --> 00:16:35,360
the united states so we've got to work

478
00:16:39,509 --> 00:16:37,680
on this regulatory environment space

479
00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:39,519
policy directive 2

480
00:16:43,829 --> 00:16:40,880
focuses us

481
00:16:45,509 --> 00:16:43,839
on that regulatory environment when we

482
00:16:48,550 --> 00:16:45,519
think of non-traditional space

483
00:16:50,310 --> 00:16:48,560
activities commercial habitation

484
00:16:52,629 --> 00:16:50,320
the idea that commercial operators are

485
00:16:54,790 --> 00:16:52,639
going to put space stations into orbit

486
00:16:56,389 --> 00:16:54,800
that nasa can then be one customer of

487
00:16:57,829 --> 00:16:56,399
many customers

488
00:16:59,670 --> 00:16:57,839
that's a good thing for us because it

489
00:17:01,430 --> 00:16:59,680
drives down cost

490
00:17:03,670 --> 00:17:01,440
think about robotic servicing of

491
00:17:05,029 --> 00:17:03,680
satellites doing rendezvous in proximity

492
00:17:08,710 --> 00:17:05,039
operations

493
00:17:10,630 --> 00:17:08,720
again that enables us to take care of

494
00:17:12,549 --> 00:17:10,640
the space environment if you will to

495
00:17:14,309 --> 00:17:12,559
make sure that we're not littering

496
00:17:16,309 --> 00:17:14,319
orbital regimes that could be damaging

497
00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:16,319
to future space missions

498
00:17:21,110 --> 00:17:18,480
think about again how do we utilize the

499
00:17:23,189 --> 00:17:21,120
resources of the moon commercially or

500
00:17:25,029 --> 00:17:23,199
even mine an asteroid

501
00:17:27,669 --> 00:17:25,039
these kind of activities right now we

502
00:17:29,669 --> 00:17:27,679
don't have in our country an agency

503
00:17:31,990 --> 00:17:29,679
responsible for that authorization and

504
00:17:33,669 --> 00:17:32,000
continuing supervision space policy

505
00:17:35,590 --> 00:17:33,679
directive 2 says that we're going to put

506
00:17:37,110 --> 00:17:35,600
that activity at the department of

507
00:17:38,789 --> 00:17:37,120
commerce

508
00:17:39,990 --> 00:17:38,799
and friends we have to make this a

509
00:17:41,830 --> 00:17:40,000
reality

510
00:17:44,150 --> 00:17:41,840
because otherwise these capabilities

511
00:17:46,070 --> 00:17:44,160
will go abroad go back to space policy

512
00:17:46,950 --> 00:17:46,080
directive one we're going back to the

513
00:17:48,549 --> 00:17:46,960
moon

514
00:17:50,150 --> 00:17:48,559
and we're going with international

515
00:17:51,350 --> 00:17:50,160
partners and we're going with commercial

516
00:17:52,789 --> 00:17:51,360
partners

517
00:17:55,029 --> 00:17:52,799
but how do we get those commercial

518
00:17:56,630 --> 00:17:55,039
partners to be commercial partners

519
00:17:57,909 --> 00:17:56,640
if instead they're taking their money

520
00:17:59,590 --> 00:17:57,919
overseas

521
00:18:01,190 --> 00:17:59,600
we want our commercial partners to stay

522
00:18:03,190 --> 00:18:01,200
here we want to grow more commercial

523
00:18:05,990 --> 00:18:03,200
partners here that's what space policy

524
00:18:09,110 --> 00:18:06,000
directive 2 is all about

525
00:18:10,789 --> 00:18:09,120
then we have space policy directive 3

526
00:18:12,230 --> 00:18:10,799
which is another big challenge going

527
00:18:14,710 --> 00:18:12,240
forward

528
00:18:16,710 --> 00:18:14,720
nasa is one of many agencies that is

529
00:18:19,430 --> 00:18:16,720
part of what's called the interagency

530
00:18:21,990 --> 00:18:19,440
space debris coordination committee

531
00:18:23,270 --> 00:18:22,000
13 space agencies from across the the

532
00:18:25,350 --> 00:18:23,280
globe

533
00:18:27,270 --> 00:18:25,360
nasa being one of them

534
00:18:28,950 --> 00:18:27,280
this coordination committee has said

535
00:18:30,310 --> 00:18:28,960
that every five to nine years we're

536
00:18:32,870 --> 00:18:30,320
going to have a collision in low earth

537
00:18:35,590 --> 00:18:32,880
orbit similar to the iridium cosmos

538
00:18:37,750 --> 00:18:35,600
collision that we saw in 2009

539
00:18:39,590 --> 00:18:37,760
that one collision resulted in thousands

540
00:18:40,950 --> 00:18:39,600
of pieces of orbital debris that is

541
00:18:42,870 --> 00:18:40,960
trackable

542
00:18:44,710 --> 00:18:42,880
that means there's thousands more pieces

543
00:18:45,830 --> 00:18:44,720
that are not trackable when i say

544
00:18:47,909 --> 00:18:45,840
trackable we're talking about 10

545
00:18:50,150 --> 00:18:47,919
centimeters or larger

546
00:18:52,710 --> 00:18:50,160
well with all of this debris that puts

547
00:18:54,470 --> 00:18:52,720
low earth orbit in jeopardy

548
00:18:57,430 --> 00:18:54,480
and of course there's other activities

549
00:18:59,669 --> 00:18:57,440
happening in low earth orbit including

550
00:19:01,990 --> 00:18:59,679
in 2007

551
00:19:03,270 --> 00:19:02,000
one of one of the nations of the world

552
00:19:05,110 --> 00:19:03,280
and i'm not going to mention who it is

553
00:19:07,110 --> 00:19:05,120
here but everybody here knows who it is

554
00:19:09,270 --> 00:19:07,120
launched a direct ascent anti-satellite

555
00:19:10,950 --> 00:19:09,280
missile and and knocked out a satellite

556
00:19:12,870 --> 00:19:10,960
of their own in low earth orbit

557
00:19:15,190 --> 00:19:12,880
resulting in a debris field that we are

558
00:19:17,590 --> 00:19:15,200
still dealing with today as an agency

559
00:19:19,669 --> 00:19:17,600
and as a nation

560
00:19:21,590 --> 00:19:19,679
so this is resulting in a cluttered

561
00:19:24,390 --> 00:19:21,600
space environment and we've got to make

562
00:19:25,830 --> 00:19:24,400
sure that we're protecting space not

563
00:19:27,350 --> 00:19:25,840
just for our generation but for

564
00:19:29,830 --> 00:19:27,360
generations to come

565
00:19:31,909 --> 00:19:29,840
so space policy directive three says

566
00:19:33,510 --> 00:19:31,919
we're going to take advantage of not

567
00:19:35,590 --> 00:19:33,520
just our current capabilities but we're

568
00:19:37,909 --> 00:19:35,600
going to build capabilities to provide

569
00:19:40,549 --> 00:19:37,919
space situational awareness and space

570
00:19:42,310 --> 00:19:40,559
traffic management so that in the future

571
00:19:43,830 --> 00:19:42,320
we don't have these kind of collisions

572
00:19:45,830 --> 00:19:43,840
and these kind of

573
00:19:48,230 --> 00:19:45,840
challenges that could be detrimental to

574
00:19:50,310 --> 00:19:48,240
to our country and really to the world

575
00:19:52,390 --> 00:19:50,320
for generations to come

576
00:19:54,470 --> 00:19:52,400
so these are a lot of things that

577
00:19:57,270 --> 00:19:54,480
again space policy directive 3 is not

578
00:20:00,070 --> 00:19:57,280
focused specifically on nasa

579
00:20:02,470 --> 00:20:00,080
but we do have a role to play our role

580
00:20:04,390 --> 00:20:02,480
is to develop technologies to develop

581
00:20:06,710 --> 00:20:04,400
capabilities to partner with

582
00:20:09,669 --> 00:20:06,720
institutions many of which doctor two

583
00:20:12,230 --> 00:20:09,679
you talked about academia specifically

584
00:20:14,470 --> 00:20:12,240
how do we ultimately preserve the space

585
00:20:16,070 --> 00:20:14,480
environment for future generations

586
00:20:17,750 --> 00:20:16,080
there's a lot of talent all throughout

587
00:20:18,549 --> 00:20:17,760
the united states we need to tap into

588
00:20:20,149 --> 00:20:18,559
that

589
00:20:22,070 --> 00:20:20,159
a lot of it's at universities a lot of

590
00:20:24,230 --> 00:20:22,080
it is it those partner institutes that

591
00:20:26,710 --> 00:20:24,240
you talk about virtual institutes

592
00:20:29,110 --> 00:20:26,720
and nasa is going to be directing

593
00:20:30,630 --> 00:20:29,120
kind of the process by which we we make

594
00:20:32,390 --> 00:20:30,640
those decisions and ultimately build

595
00:20:34,470 --> 00:20:32,400
those capabilities

596
00:20:36,310 --> 00:20:34,480
in space policy directive 3 that

597
00:20:38,630 --> 00:20:36,320
activity will ultimately

598
00:20:40,789 --> 00:20:38,640
reside within the commerce department

599
00:20:42,310 --> 00:20:40,799
but nasa is going to be involved in in

600
00:20:43,990 --> 00:20:42,320
developing those capabilities just like

601
00:20:45,909 --> 00:20:44,000
we do for

602
00:20:47,590 --> 00:20:45,919
unmanned aerial systems and integrating

603
00:20:49,669 --> 00:20:47,600
them into the national airspace system

604
00:20:51,510 --> 00:20:49,679
for the faa we develop those

605
00:20:53,430 --> 00:20:51,520
capabilities once they're developed we

606
00:20:55,430 --> 00:20:53,440
transfer them over to another agency

607
00:20:57,830 --> 00:20:55,440
that is responsible for the regulatory

608
00:20:59,270 --> 00:20:57,840
environment nasa is not a regulator we

609
00:21:01,510 --> 00:20:59,280
don't want to be a regulator but what we

610
00:21:03,510 --> 00:21:01,520
do is we do science and technology and

611
00:21:05,510 --> 00:21:03,520
we build capabilities

612
00:21:07,590 --> 00:21:05,520
so we have a lot on our plate

613
00:21:09,110 --> 00:21:07,600
one we're going to the moon two we're

614
00:21:11,029 --> 00:21:09,120
looking at non-traditional space

615
00:21:12,470 --> 00:21:11,039
activities and making sure that at the

616
00:21:14,470 --> 00:21:12,480
end of the day we have an agency that

617
00:21:16,470 --> 00:21:14,480
can provide authorization and continuing

618
00:21:18,390 --> 00:21:16,480
supervision and we're looking at within

619
00:21:20,070 --> 00:21:18,400
the agencies that currently do

620
00:21:22,710 --> 00:21:20,080
regulation for space activities that

621
00:21:24,470 --> 00:21:22,720
were streamlining those regulations and

622
00:21:26,390 --> 00:21:24,480
making sure that ultimately somebody is

623
00:21:28,390 --> 00:21:26,400
responsible for them space policy

624
00:21:30,070 --> 00:21:28,400
directive three is space situational

625
00:21:30,950 --> 00:21:30,080
awareness and space traffic management

626
00:21:32,789 --> 00:21:30,960
so

627
00:21:34,230 --> 00:21:32,799
a lot of activities

628
00:21:35,190 --> 00:21:34,240
and of course we'll be looking to the

629
00:21:37,430 --> 00:21:35,200
knack

630
00:21:39,830 --> 00:21:37,440
looking to folks in this room to give us

631
00:21:40,789 --> 00:21:39,840
the absolute best advice possible

632
00:21:43,190 --> 00:21:40,799
so that

633
00:21:45,350 --> 00:21:43,200
our country can continue to be not only

634
00:21:47,350 --> 00:21:45,360
the preeminent space faring nation

635
00:21:49,350 --> 00:21:47,360
but also a preeminent nation in

636
00:21:51,590 --> 00:21:49,360
aeronautics which of course a lot of

637
00:21:53,510 --> 00:21:51,600
that is done right here at ames and at

638
00:21:55,669 --> 00:21:53,520
armstrong where i was yesterday and

639
00:21:58,950 --> 00:21:55,679
other agencies or other centers across

640
00:22:00,710 --> 00:21:58,960
the country so with that um

641
00:22:01,669 --> 00:22:00,720
if it's all right general isles i'll let

642
00:22:03,590 --> 00:22:01,679
you uh

643
00:22:05,830 --> 00:22:03,600
take the helm back and i'm here to

644
00:22:07,190 --> 00:22:05,840
answer questions and get feedback jim

645
00:22:08,630 --> 00:22:07,200
thank you very much and thank you for

646
00:22:11,510 --> 00:22:08,640
that very very

647
00:22:13,830 --> 00:22:11,520
compelling uh discussion about nasa and

648
00:22:15,669 --> 00:22:13,840
our nation's space program in the future

649
00:22:18,470 --> 00:22:15,679
uh i'm wondering though uh this is the

650
00:22:20,950 --> 00:22:18,480
first time we broadcast this on nasa tv

651
00:22:22,950 --> 00:22:20,960
yeah and all of us are obviously very

652
00:22:26,310 --> 00:22:22,960
very excited around this table and

653
00:22:27,990 --> 00:22:26,320
probably those who tune into nasa tv are

654
00:22:29,510 --> 00:22:28,000
they're all space geeks like we are

655
00:22:31,990 --> 00:22:29,520
right so they're very very excited about

656
00:22:33,750 --> 00:22:32,000
it how do we get the message out better

657
00:22:35,669 --> 00:22:33,760
to the general public in the united

658
00:22:36,950 --> 00:22:35,679
states not just of the future but all

659
00:22:39,510 --> 00:22:36,960
the great things that are happening

660
00:22:42,149 --> 00:22:39,520
today with nasa and exploration and

661
00:22:43,830 --> 00:22:42,159
science and and technology it is such a

662
00:22:45,750 --> 00:22:43,840
compelling story it's just an exciting

663
00:22:48,070 --> 00:22:45,760
story yeah but the man on the street

664
00:22:49,909 --> 00:22:48,080
probably is not aware of one iota of the

665
00:22:51,830 --> 00:22:49,919
things that are going on your thoughts

666
00:22:54,549 --> 00:22:51,840
about what we can do differently so

667
00:22:56,870 --> 00:22:54,559
you're you're um you're hitting on a i

668
00:22:58,870 --> 00:22:56,880
think a key point which is important to

669
00:23:00,230 --> 00:22:58,880
me as the nasa administrator

670
00:23:02,470 --> 00:23:00,240
i've had the question before the

671
00:23:04,070 --> 00:23:02,480
question is you know what do you want

672
00:23:05,350 --> 00:23:04,080
your legacy to be as the nasa

673
00:23:06,710 --> 00:23:05,360
administrator i get that when i do these

674
00:23:08,149 --> 00:23:06,720
town halls i visit

675
00:23:09,990 --> 00:23:08,159
this is

676
00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:10,000
i've got one more center to you saw all

677
00:23:14,070 --> 00:23:12,000
the centers dr two show to multi we've

678
00:23:16,310 --> 00:23:14,080
got ten centers across the country this

679
00:23:17,830 --> 00:23:16,320
is my ninth one to visit i've got one

680
00:23:19,590 --> 00:23:17,840
more to go

681
00:23:21,590 --> 00:23:19,600
but i do these town halls with the

682
00:23:23,590 --> 00:23:21,600
different programs and projects at each

683
00:23:24,789 --> 00:23:23,600
of these centers and i get this question

684
00:23:26,950 --> 00:23:24,799
a lot and

685
00:23:29,430 --> 00:23:26,960
the the what i would like to do is the

686
00:23:31,990 --> 00:23:29,440
nasa administrators get the word out how

687
00:23:33,990 --> 00:23:32,000
important space is

688
00:23:37,190 --> 00:23:34,000
to the lives of every citizen in the

689
00:23:39,590 --> 00:23:37,200
united states so when we think about

690
00:23:41,430 --> 00:23:39,600
how we communicate you mentioned nasa tv

691
00:23:43,750 --> 00:23:41,440
well nasa tv is

692
00:23:45,830 --> 00:23:43,760
that's satellite tv imagine that nasa

693
00:23:48,310 --> 00:23:45,840
being broadcast on satellite tv right

694
00:23:51,350 --> 00:23:48,320
you talk about dish network or directv

695
00:23:53,830 --> 00:23:51,360
you talk about xm radio or internet from

696
00:23:56,149 --> 00:23:53,840
space broadband from space all of the

697
00:23:58,070 --> 00:23:56,159
ways we communicate as a military pilot

698
00:23:59,669 --> 00:23:58,080
we were sending high resolution motion

699
00:24:01,750 --> 00:23:59,679
picture images all over the world so

700
00:24:03,590 --> 00:24:01,760
decision makers could make split-second

701
00:24:05,590 --> 00:24:03,600
critically important decisions

702
00:24:07,669 --> 00:24:05,600
all of that is possible because of a

703
00:24:09,269 --> 00:24:07,679
communication architecture that is

704
00:24:10,870 --> 00:24:09,279
commercialized i want to be really clear

705
00:24:12,149 --> 00:24:10,880
it's commercialized this is not nasa

706
00:24:13,909 --> 00:24:12,159
architecture

707
00:24:15,990 --> 00:24:13,919
but it was all

708
00:24:18,549 --> 00:24:16,000
blazed by a trail

709
00:24:20,470 --> 00:24:18,559
that that nasa blazed i mean this this

710
00:24:23,750 --> 00:24:20,480
capability is available to humanity

711
00:24:24,710 --> 00:24:23,760
because nasa led the way we retired the

712
00:24:28,789 --> 00:24:24,720
risk

713
00:24:30,230 --> 00:24:28,799
it public then others could take

714
00:24:32,870 --> 00:24:30,240
advantage of it and build these

715
00:24:35,269 --> 00:24:32,880
communication architectures that now all

716
00:24:36,789 --> 00:24:35,279
of humanity can benefit from so i think

717
00:24:38,710 --> 00:24:36,799
that's i think that's a wonderful thing

718
00:24:40,549 --> 00:24:38,720
the way we the way we navigate people

719
00:24:42,630 --> 00:24:40,559
are familiar with gps the way we produce

720
00:24:45,430 --> 00:24:42,640
food i was at a swim meet with my

721
00:24:47,510 --> 00:24:45,440
children the other day in oklahoma city

722
00:24:49,029 --> 00:24:47,520
and the grandfather of one of the kids

723
00:24:50,630 --> 00:24:49,039
in the meat

724
00:24:52,470 --> 00:24:50,640
was from nebraska

725
00:24:54,070 --> 00:24:52,480
and he asked me

726
00:24:56,149 --> 00:24:54,080
he asked me so what do you do

727
00:24:57,909 --> 00:24:56,159
and i said well i work for nasa

728
00:25:00,630 --> 00:24:57,919
and he says well what do you do for nasa

729
00:25:02,710 --> 00:25:00,640
and i said well i'm the administrator

730
00:25:04,149 --> 00:25:02,720
and uh and he says well what does the

731
00:25:05,510 --> 00:25:04,159
administrator do

732
00:25:07,510 --> 00:25:05,520
and i

733
00:25:09,350 --> 00:25:07,520
right yeah

734
00:25:10,470 --> 00:25:09,360
and i said well i kind of run it you

735
00:25:12,149 --> 00:25:10,480
know

736
00:25:13,669 --> 00:25:12,159
and he and he says he says to me well

737
00:25:16,630 --> 00:25:13,679
now that i know let me tell you about

738
00:25:19,669 --> 00:25:16,640
what's going on in nebraska we're using

739
00:25:21,750 --> 00:25:19,679
nasa technology to know when to water to

740
00:25:23,830 --> 00:25:21,760
know when to when to plant

741
00:25:26,390 --> 00:25:23,840
when to harvest

742
00:25:29,430 --> 00:25:26,400
how to allocate water effectively to

743
00:25:31,830 --> 00:25:29,440
maximize the growth of our crops

744
00:25:33,909 --> 00:25:31,840
and and he's now created this consortium

745
00:25:36,149 --> 00:25:33,919
of other farmers that are responsible

746
00:25:37,909 --> 00:25:36,159
for taking this out to all the farmers

747
00:25:40,070 --> 00:25:37,919
throughout nebraska

748
00:25:42,630 --> 00:25:40,080
so this is an amazing kind of

749
00:25:44,950 --> 00:25:42,640
development that is enabling the united

750
00:25:47,590 --> 00:25:44,960
states of america and others all over

751
00:25:49,110 --> 00:25:47,600
the world to feed more of the world than

752
00:25:50,390 --> 00:25:49,120
otherwise would be possible that's a

753
00:25:51,750 --> 00:25:50,400
that's a great thing that nasa has done

754
00:25:54,070 --> 00:25:51,760
so the way we communicate the way we

755
00:25:56,950 --> 00:25:54,080
navigate the way we produce food the way

756
00:25:59,350 --> 00:25:56,960
we produce energy the way we understand

757
00:26:02,070 --> 00:25:59,360
weather you get up in the morning you

758
00:26:03,510 --> 00:26:02,080
turn on you know channel two whatever it

759
00:26:05,269 --> 00:26:03,520
is you watch

760
00:26:06,870 --> 00:26:05,279
and you see that green blob on the

761
00:26:08,230 --> 00:26:06,880
screen and you know when the weather is

762
00:26:09,510 --> 00:26:08,240
going to be over your part of the

763
00:26:10,950 --> 00:26:09,520
country

764
00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:10,960
well eighty percent of the data that

765
00:26:15,510 --> 00:26:13,440
goes into that green blob is data from a

766
00:26:17,990 --> 00:26:15,520
satellite that was built by nasa for

767
00:26:20,149 --> 00:26:18,000
noaa so the way we predict weather and

768
00:26:23,110 --> 00:26:20,159
the way we understand climate

769
00:26:25,669 --> 00:26:23,120
the way we do national security and and

770
00:26:26,630 --> 00:26:25,679
and and disaster relief

771
00:26:28,630 --> 00:26:26,640
um

772
00:26:30,630 --> 00:26:28,640
you know it we we had a conversation

773
00:26:31,990 --> 00:26:30,640
earlier about gps and how important it

774
00:26:33,190 --> 00:26:32,000
is

775
00:26:34,390 --> 00:26:33,200
now

776
00:26:36,390 --> 00:26:34,400
when you think about banking

777
00:26:38,789 --> 00:26:36,400
transactions and and the timing signal

778
00:26:40,950 --> 00:26:38,799
from gps that ultimately goes through

779
00:26:42,870 --> 00:26:40,960
our you know wireless terrestrial

780
00:26:44,789 --> 00:26:42,880
networks that's important for banking

781
00:26:47,190 --> 00:26:44,799
transactions it's important for the

782
00:26:48,870 --> 00:26:47,200
flows of data across terrestrial

783
00:26:50,630 --> 00:26:48,880
wireless networks in general and it's

784
00:26:53,269 --> 00:26:50,640
also important

785
00:26:55,029 --> 00:26:53,279
for the flows of electricity on the grid

786
00:26:56,950 --> 00:26:55,039
so all of these things we talk about how

787
00:26:59,510 --> 00:26:56,960
important space is to our everyday lives

788
00:27:01,669 --> 00:26:59,520
now a lot of these capabilities are

789
00:27:02,789 --> 00:27:01,679
department of defense capabilities

790
00:27:04,630 --> 00:27:02,799
a lot of them are commercial

791
00:27:06,630 --> 00:27:04,640
capabilities a lot of them could be

792
00:27:08,630 --> 00:27:06,640
intelligence community or it could be

793
00:27:11,110 --> 00:27:08,640
you know pick pick your space kind of

794
00:27:13,029 --> 00:27:11,120
capability

795
00:27:14,870 --> 00:27:13,039
commerce noaa

796
00:27:17,029 --> 00:27:14,880
but at the end of the day all of these

797
00:27:19,029 --> 00:27:17,039
capabilities are available to the

798
00:27:21,510 --> 00:27:19,039
american public

799
00:27:24,149 --> 00:27:21,520
because nasa led led the way

800
00:27:26,389 --> 00:27:24,159
you know we retired the risk and we made

801
00:27:28,149 --> 00:27:26,399
this available it has elevated the human

802
00:27:30,470 --> 00:27:28,159
condition not only for the united states

803
00:27:31,909 --> 00:27:30,480
for all of the world

804
00:27:34,230 --> 00:27:31,919
and you think about what part of the

805
00:27:35,590 --> 00:27:34,240
budget it is we're talking about at this

806
00:27:36,870 --> 00:27:35,600
point in american history we're talking

807
00:27:38,950 --> 00:27:36,880
about one half

808
00:27:41,269 --> 00:27:38,960
of one percent of the federal budget

809
00:27:43,350 --> 00:27:41,279
that has lifted and enabled all of this

810
00:27:45,190 --> 00:27:43,360
kind of capability and i've only just

811
00:27:46,230 --> 00:27:45,200
begun to scratch the surface there's so

812
00:27:48,070 --> 00:27:46,240
much more

813
00:27:49,990 --> 00:27:48,080
but if i can do anything communicating

814
00:27:51,430 --> 00:27:50,000
that out to the world is important

815
00:27:53,750 --> 00:27:51,440
um

816
00:27:57,029 --> 00:27:53,760
how do we do that uh i think i'm the

817
00:27:59,990 --> 00:27:57,039
first nasa administrator to tweet

818
00:28:01,669 --> 00:28:00,000
which is kind of uh you know i i have

819
00:28:03,590 --> 00:28:01,679
gotten some feedback on that that maybe

820
00:28:05,269 --> 00:28:03,600
that's not professional

821
00:28:06,870 --> 00:28:05,279
but it's important why because we're

822
00:28:08,789 --> 00:28:06,880
trying to reach a new generation and

823
00:28:11,190 --> 00:28:08,799
guess what they read they read twitter

824
00:28:12,789 --> 00:28:11,200
and they read facebook and not it's not

825
00:28:13,830 --> 00:28:12,799
just the new generation i can tell you

826
00:28:17,269 --> 00:28:13,840
that my

827
00:28:18,470 --> 00:28:17,279
parents are involved in that as well so

828
00:28:20,149 --> 00:28:18,480
but we want to reach more of the world

829
00:28:22,789 --> 00:28:20,159
than ever before social media is a big

830
00:28:24,470 --> 00:28:22,799
piece and if i can do anything

831
00:28:26,149 --> 00:28:24,480
you know the question about legacy how

832
00:28:27,830 --> 00:28:26,159
do we get that message out

833
00:28:30,789 --> 00:28:27,840
we can partner with all kinds of

834
00:28:33,029 --> 00:28:30,799
different communication capabilities a

835
00:28:35,510 --> 00:28:33,039
lot of people don't realize the history

836
00:28:37,110 --> 00:28:35,520
here you look at the the nasa logo the

837
00:28:40,149 --> 00:28:37,120
meatball

838
00:28:42,789 --> 00:28:40,159
from

839
00:28:44,149 --> 00:28:42,799
it was made by walt disney

840
00:28:45,750 --> 00:28:44,159
you know that's the kind of partnership

841
00:28:47,590 --> 00:28:45,760
in the relationship it was between

842
00:28:49,029 --> 00:28:47,600
werner von braun and walt disney that

843
00:28:51,990 --> 00:28:49,039
relationship and they wanted to make

844
00:28:53,669 --> 00:28:52,000
sure that we put nasa into every part of

845
00:28:56,149 --> 00:28:53,679
american society

846
00:28:58,310 --> 00:28:56,159
including disney animations and of

847
00:28:59,510 --> 00:28:58,320
course they they created the meatball so

848
00:29:01,110 --> 00:28:59,520
these are the kind of things that we

849
00:29:02,549 --> 00:29:01,120
ought to be doing

850
00:29:04,310 --> 00:29:02,559
now there's

851
00:29:05,669 --> 00:29:04,320
and there's a whole host of things that

852
00:29:07,590 --> 00:29:05,679
we should be doing

853
00:29:10,070 --> 00:29:07,600
that uh that would enable us to get the

854
00:29:11,909 --> 00:29:10,080
message out more

855
00:29:14,149 --> 00:29:11,919
in some cases we're constrained we're

856
00:29:17,029 --> 00:29:14,159
constrained by traditional regulation

857
00:29:18,630 --> 00:29:17,039
we're in fact maybe constrained by law

858
00:29:20,549 --> 00:29:18,640
one of the things that i'd like to

859
00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:20,559
introduce at this point is

860
00:29:23,990 --> 00:29:22,240
a new committee that

861
00:29:25,269 --> 00:29:24,000
we're standing up with your help and i

862
00:29:27,350 --> 00:29:25,279
appreciate you

863
00:29:28,710 --> 00:29:27,360
is it all right if i kind of start that

864
00:29:29,990 --> 00:29:28,720
process yes sir it was going to be my

865
00:29:32,230 --> 00:29:30,000
next question to ask about that

866
00:29:34,389 --> 00:29:32,240
committee go ahead please absolutely so

867
00:29:36,870 --> 00:29:34,399
one of the things i think about is

868
00:29:38,389 --> 00:29:36,880
you know um you know my children can

869
00:29:40,549 --> 00:29:38,399
tell you

870
00:29:42,389 --> 00:29:40,559
all of the players on the oklahoma city

871
00:29:43,990 --> 00:29:42,399
thunder basketball team or all of the

872
00:29:46,630 --> 00:29:44,000
players on the houston rockets for

873
00:29:49,110 --> 00:29:46,640
example um they they want to wear the

874
00:29:50,789 --> 00:29:49,120
shoes of the players on these teams and

875
00:29:52,789 --> 00:29:50,799
they're they're embedded in the american

876
00:29:55,510 --> 00:29:52,799
culture in a way that is that is amazing

877
00:29:57,110 --> 00:29:55,520
and that's good i think that's fantastic

878
00:29:59,510 --> 00:29:57,120
i'd like to see

879
00:30:01,669 --> 00:29:59,520
kids growing up you know instead of

880
00:30:04,070 --> 00:30:01,679
maybe wanting to be like a professional

881
00:30:07,190 --> 00:30:04,080
sports star i'd like to see him grow up

882
00:30:09,590 --> 00:30:07,200
wanting to be a nasa astronaut or a nasa

883
00:30:11,590 --> 00:30:09,600
scientist and so how do we make that a

884
00:30:12,870 --> 00:30:11,600
reality uh don't get me wrong there are

885
00:30:15,350 --> 00:30:12,880
kids that want to do that but it's not

886
00:30:17,590 --> 00:30:15,360
nearly as prevalent as the sports stars

887
00:30:18,710 --> 00:30:17,600
so we think about you know i'd like to

888
00:30:20,470 --> 00:30:18,720
see

889
00:30:22,710 --> 00:30:20,480
you know maybe one day

890
00:30:23,830 --> 00:30:22,720
nasa astronauts on the cover of a cereal

891
00:30:26,310 --> 00:30:23,840
box

892
00:30:27,669 --> 00:30:26,320
embedded into the american culture

893
00:30:29,830 --> 00:30:27,679
and there's a lot of different ways that

894
00:30:30,789 --> 00:30:29,840
we can embed nasa into the american

895
00:30:32,470 --> 00:30:30,799
culture

896
00:30:34,310 --> 00:30:32,480
that maybe have been done historically

897
00:30:36,389 --> 00:30:34,320
but aren't done today and if we can go

898
00:30:37,990 --> 00:30:36,399
back to that i think it'd be good we

899
00:30:39,830 --> 00:30:38,000
need to look at the regulation and the

900
00:30:41,269 --> 00:30:39,840
policy and the the rules that have come

901
00:30:43,110 --> 00:30:41,279
about

902
00:30:44,950 --> 00:30:43,120
that created an environment that maybe

903
00:30:46,230 --> 00:30:44,960
is not as permissive as it has been

904
00:30:48,310 --> 00:30:46,240
historically

905
00:30:50,470 --> 00:30:48,320
but if we follow through

906
00:30:52,310 --> 00:30:50,480
on commercializing low earth orbit which

907
00:30:54,710 --> 00:30:52,320
is important so that we can go further

908
00:30:55,990 --> 00:30:54,720
we can use nasa resources to go to the

909
00:30:57,509 --> 00:30:56,000
moon and go to mars we need to

910
00:30:59,990 --> 00:30:57,519
commercialize low earth orbit make sure

911
00:31:01,430 --> 00:31:00,000
that there is no gap in human activity

912
00:31:03,669 --> 00:31:01,440
and low earth orbit if we're going to do

913
00:31:04,549 --> 00:31:03,679
that kind of activity we have to figure

914
00:31:06,230 --> 00:31:04,559
out

915
00:31:07,909 --> 00:31:06,240
what are the ways that we can do that

916
00:31:09,509 --> 00:31:07,919
that are unique

917
00:31:10,950 --> 00:31:09,519
that that maybe haven't been tried

918
00:31:12,310 --> 00:31:10,960
before

919
00:31:15,110 --> 00:31:12,320
and to do that

920
00:31:17,669 --> 00:31:15,120
i i have requested and you have obliged

921
00:31:20,950 --> 00:31:17,679
in the creation of a new regulatory and

922
00:31:23,590 --> 00:31:20,960
policy committee of the knack

923
00:31:25,669 --> 00:31:23,600
and i have appointed mike gold who i've

924
00:31:27,830 --> 00:31:25,679
known for a while even in my previous

925
00:31:30,149 --> 00:31:27,840
life as a member of congress who is an

926
00:31:32,230 --> 00:31:30,159
attorney that can help us sort through

927
00:31:34,630 --> 00:31:32,240
what the reality is maybe compared to

928
00:31:37,190 --> 00:31:34,640
some of the the lore if you will

929
00:31:38,870 --> 00:31:37,200
um and ultimately help us uh

930
00:31:41,110 --> 00:31:38,880
figure out what are the best ways to

931
00:31:43,669 --> 00:31:41,120
maximize the exposure

932
00:31:45,430 --> 00:31:43,679
and enable us to commercialize nasa a

933
00:31:47,590 --> 00:31:45,440
lot of nasa's capabilities in low earth

934
00:31:49,669 --> 00:31:47,600
orbit so that we can do things we can

935
00:31:51,509 --> 00:31:49,679
use taxpayer resources to go further and

936
00:31:52,870 --> 00:31:51,519
do more so mike if you'd like to take a

937
00:31:55,590 --> 00:31:52,880
few minutes to talk about kind of what

938
00:31:57,269 --> 00:31:55,600
your your direction is yes

939
00:31:58,710 --> 00:31:57,279
thank you so much

940
00:32:00,789 --> 00:31:58,720
let me just begin by thanking you

941
00:32:02,870 --> 00:32:00,799
administrator bridenstine and the chair

942
00:32:04,950 --> 00:32:02,880
general lyles for this opportunity to

943
00:32:06,710 --> 00:32:04,960
serve on the knack and for your support

944
00:32:07,830 --> 00:32:06,720
in forming this regulatory and policy

945
00:32:10,230 --> 00:32:07,840
committee

946
00:32:12,389 --> 00:32:10,240
nasa is famous for overcoming herculean

947
00:32:14,950 --> 00:32:12,399
technological challenges landing on the

948
00:32:17,750 --> 00:32:14,960
moon putting rovers on mars and imaging

949
00:32:19,509 --> 00:32:17,760
far-flung planets and galaxies however

950
00:32:21,029 --> 00:32:19,519
in this new era of public-private

951
00:32:23,269 --> 00:32:21,039
partnerships and commercial space

952
00:32:25,669 --> 00:32:23,279
development conquering regulatory and

953
00:32:27,830 --> 00:32:25,679
policy hurdles can be just as important

954
00:32:29,909 --> 00:32:27,840
to the agency as any engineering

955
00:32:31,669 --> 00:32:29,919
challenge that nasa may face

956
00:32:33,750 --> 00:32:31,679
therefore the purpose of the regulatory

957
00:32:36,070 --> 00:32:33,760
and policy committee will be to target

958
00:32:38,870 --> 00:32:36,080
and tackle barriers to achieving nasa's

959
00:32:40,789 --> 00:32:38,880
goals by providing expert independent

960
00:32:43,110 --> 00:32:40,799
and creative advice to the council and

961
00:32:44,470 --> 00:32:43,120
the administrator there are a wide array

962
00:32:46,549 --> 00:32:44,480
of issues that the new committee will

963
00:32:48,470 --> 00:32:46,559
address but i expect the list to evolve

964
00:32:50,230 --> 00:32:48,480
over time but i wanted to take a minute

965
00:32:52,789 --> 00:32:50,240
to describe the initial topics that the

966
00:32:54,230 --> 00:32:52,799
administrator has asked us to explore

967
00:32:56,230 --> 00:32:54,240
the first set of issues relates to the

968
00:32:59,509 --> 00:32:56,240
international space station and private

969
00:33:02,070 --> 00:32:59,519
sector leo operations nasa must be free

970
00:33:04,230 --> 00:33:02,080
to do what it does best to push the

971
00:33:06,710 --> 00:33:04,240
envelope of the final frontier and more

972
00:33:10,230 --> 00:33:06,720
specifically leveraging the sls and

973
00:33:11,110 --> 00:33:10,240
orion execute sbd1 and return to the

974
00:33:13,190 --> 00:33:11,120
moon

975
00:33:15,509 --> 00:33:13,200
to effectively accomplish this goal and

976
00:33:17,110 --> 00:33:15,519
to eventually move on to mars the

977
00:33:19,990 --> 00:33:17,120
private sector must partner with the

978
00:33:23,350 --> 00:33:20,000
agency to commercialize leo

979
00:33:25,750 --> 00:33:23,360
establishing a business case in leo that

980
00:33:28,149 --> 00:33:25,760
is sufficiently robust to support a

981
00:33:30,950 --> 00:33:28,159
free-flying space station will not be

982
00:33:33,269 --> 00:33:30,960
simple or easy as bill gerstenmaier has

983
00:33:35,430 --> 00:33:33,279
stressed many times before the greatest

984
00:33:37,430 --> 00:33:35,440
challenge private sector companies face

985
00:33:39,750 --> 00:33:37,440
is finding ways to bolster true

986
00:33:42,630 --> 00:33:39,760
commercial demand for human space flight

987
00:33:44,549 --> 00:33:42,640
in leo as always the iss remains a

988
00:33:46,950 --> 00:33:44,559
critical asset and will play a vital

989
00:33:49,190 --> 00:33:46,960
role in serving as laboratory not only

990
00:33:51,190 --> 00:33:49,200
for science but for testing and building

991
00:33:53,909 --> 00:33:51,200
new business cases and commercial

992
00:33:57,509 --> 00:33:53,919
activities in leo however for this to

993
00:34:00,230 --> 00:33:57,519
occur obsolete rules and regulations

994
00:34:02,230 --> 00:34:00,240
must be reviewed and revised for example

995
00:34:05,590 --> 00:34:02,240
the regulatory and policy committee will

996
00:34:07,909 --> 00:34:05,600
assess how to free american astronauts

997
00:34:09,589 --> 00:34:07,919
to fully support commercial activities

998
00:34:11,750 --> 00:34:09,599
on the iss

999
00:34:14,629 --> 00:34:11,760
american companies should not have to

1000
00:34:16,869 --> 00:34:14,639
turn to russian cosmonauts to execute

1001
00:34:19,109 --> 00:34:16,879
commercial operations when new

1002
00:34:21,349 --> 00:34:19,119
industrial substances are created

1003
00:34:23,750 --> 00:34:21,359
commercial experiments conducted or even

1004
00:34:26,389 --> 00:34:23,760
advertisements filmed american

1005
00:34:27,909 --> 00:34:26,399
astronauts should lead the way

1006
00:34:30,069 --> 00:34:27,919
speaking of astronauts the committee

1007
00:34:32,149 --> 00:34:30,079
will examine giving the freedom to

1008
00:34:33,349 --> 00:34:32,159
pursue endorsements and other media

1009
00:34:35,270 --> 00:34:33,359
opportunities

1010
00:34:38,470 --> 00:34:35,280
our astronauts are american heroes and

1011
00:34:41,030 --> 00:34:38,480
deserve to be treated as such

1012
00:34:42,550 --> 00:34:41,040
can i uh can i pause you right there

1013
00:34:44,310 --> 00:34:42,560
so one of the reasons i think that's

1014
00:34:45,430 --> 00:34:44,320
important i mentioned the cereal box

1015
00:34:46,629 --> 00:34:45,440
earlier

1016
00:34:49,669 --> 00:34:46,639
one of the reasons that's important we

1017
00:34:51,270 --> 00:34:49,679
now have commercial astronauts

1018
00:34:53,109 --> 00:34:51,280
we're now going to because of commercial

1019
00:34:55,190 --> 00:34:53,119
crew which is a capability developed by

1020
00:34:56,710 --> 00:34:55,200
nasa we have astronauts that are going

1021
00:34:59,430 --> 00:34:56,720
to be flying to the international space

1022
00:35:00,710 --> 00:34:59,440
station that are not nasa astronauts

1023
00:35:02,310 --> 00:35:00,720
we're going to we're going to have we've

1024
00:35:04,310 --> 00:35:02,320
got right now we've got a boeing

1025
00:35:07,670 --> 00:35:04,320
astronaut and eventually we're talking

1026
00:35:09,910 --> 00:35:07,680
about having a spacex astronaut and even

1027
00:35:11,589 --> 00:35:09,920
maybe not astronauts at all but but

1028
00:35:13,510 --> 00:35:11,599
folks that are going for other purposes

1029
00:35:15,109 --> 00:35:13,520
they could be going for science or

1030
00:35:17,589 --> 00:35:15,119
developing capabilities or they could be

1031
00:35:19,190 --> 00:35:17,599
going simply for tourism so with all of

1032
00:35:20,630 --> 00:35:19,200
this kind of thing developing the

1033
00:35:23,430 --> 00:35:20,640
question is this

1034
00:35:25,430 --> 00:35:23,440
if those astronauts are not limited in

1035
00:35:27,430 --> 00:35:25,440
kind of the way they are able to promote

1036
00:35:30,150 --> 00:35:27,440
themselves then should nasa astronauts

1037
00:35:32,230 --> 00:35:30,160
be limited in how we promote nasa and

1038
00:35:33,829 --> 00:35:32,240
and i'm not saying that this is an easy

1039
00:35:36,310 --> 00:35:33,839
challenge to address but i will tell you

1040
00:35:38,790 --> 00:35:36,320
from my perspective as a navy pilot we

1041
00:35:41,270 --> 00:35:38,800
have a shortage in naval aviation that

1042
00:35:43,990 --> 00:35:41,280
is drastic and in air force aviation i

1043
00:35:45,589 --> 00:35:44,000
know we've got general levy here as well

1044
00:35:47,190 --> 00:35:45,599
why is that shortage there because you

1045
00:35:49,510 --> 00:35:47,200
can go to the airlines and get paid

1046
00:35:51,190 --> 00:35:49,520
hundreds of thousands of dollars or you

1047
00:35:53,750 --> 00:35:51,200
can get paid much less by staying in the

1048
00:35:55,750 --> 00:35:53,760
military now we have kind of created

1049
00:35:57,829 --> 00:35:55,760
that with this commercial crew which is

1050
00:35:59,430 --> 00:35:57,839
good i want to be clear i want the free

1051
00:36:01,030 --> 00:35:59,440
market to work

1052
00:36:02,870 --> 00:36:01,040
but we also have to think about what is

1053
00:36:04,470 --> 00:36:02,880
the future for nasa astronauts in this

1054
00:36:06,310 --> 00:36:04,480
environment so i wanted to make sure

1055
00:36:07,990 --> 00:36:06,320
that we we addressed that certainly

1056
00:36:09,670 --> 00:36:08,000
right here in silicon valley i'm sure dr

1057
00:36:11,910 --> 00:36:09,680
who can tell you how difficult it is to

1058
00:36:13,430 --> 00:36:11,920
recruit and get people and the expense

1059
00:36:14,870 --> 00:36:13,440
of living out here and speaking of

1060
00:36:16,150 --> 00:36:14,880
branding mr administrator i think we

1061
00:36:17,910 --> 00:36:16,160
might have to charge mountain dew for

1062
00:36:19,349 --> 00:36:17,920
this at some point this is a good good

1063
00:36:21,430 --> 00:36:19,359
opportunity

1064
00:36:23,430 --> 00:36:21,440
so as you say we need to find ways to

1065
00:36:26,310 --> 00:36:23,440
allow astronauts to engage with private

1066
00:36:29,190 --> 00:36:26,320
sector companies and the media to ensure

1067
00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:29,200
that the astronauts nasa and stem return

1068
00:36:31,990 --> 00:36:31,040
to a place of importance and popular

1069
00:36:33,829 --> 00:36:32,000
culture

1070
00:36:36,230 --> 00:36:33,839
the nation should fully leverage our

1071
00:36:38,470 --> 00:36:36,240
astronauts as ambassadors to inspire the

1072
00:36:40,390 --> 00:36:38,480
engineers mathematicians and scientists

1073
00:36:41,829 --> 00:36:40,400
of tomorrow beyond astronaut

1074
00:36:43,510 --> 00:36:41,839
endorsements the committee will tackle

1075
00:36:45,670 --> 00:36:43,520
branding opportunities on hardware

1076
00:36:47,430 --> 00:36:45,680
including rockets and other spacecraft

1077
00:36:49,349 --> 00:36:47,440
such branding will help enhance the

1078
00:36:50,950 --> 00:36:49,359
exposure of space activities in the

1079
00:36:52,950 --> 00:36:50,960
popular culture and will begin to

1080
00:36:54,710 --> 00:36:52,960
validate a business case that future

1081
00:36:56,790 --> 00:36:54,720
private sector operations will need to

1082
00:36:58,310 --> 00:36:56,800
leverage so dr lyles this goes right to

1083
00:37:00,390 --> 00:36:58,320
the heart of your question how do we

1084
00:37:02,550 --> 00:37:00,400
make sure that america is aware of what

1085
00:37:03,910 --> 00:37:02,560
we're doing and we we saw from dr two

1086
00:37:06,230 --> 00:37:03,920
all the wonderful things that we are

1087
00:37:07,910 --> 00:37:06,240
doing just here at this one center we're

1088
00:37:11,109 --> 00:37:07,920
doing a lot more across the entire

1089
00:37:14,150 --> 00:37:11,119
agency so one of the ways we can do that

1090
00:37:15,589 --> 00:37:14,160
we're talking about potentially

1091
00:37:19,109 --> 00:37:15,599
is it possible

1092
00:37:21,190 --> 00:37:19,119
for nasa to offset some of its costs by

1093
00:37:23,109 --> 00:37:21,200
selling the naming rights to its

1094
00:37:25,030 --> 00:37:23,119
spacecraft or the naming rights to its

1095
00:37:26,870 --> 00:37:25,040
to its rockets which there i'm telling

1096
00:37:29,510 --> 00:37:26,880
you there is interest in that right now

1097
00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:29,520
the question is is it possible

1098
00:37:33,349 --> 00:37:31,760
and and and the answer is i don't know

1099
00:37:35,190 --> 00:37:33,359
but we need somebody to give us advice

1100
00:37:37,190 --> 00:37:35,200
on whether or not it is

1101
00:37:39,270 --> 00:37:37,200
yeah

1102
00:37:41,430 --> 00:37:39,280
going beyond that nasa can and should

1103
00:37:43,270 --> 00:37:41,440
act as a catalyst for private sector leo

1104
00:37:45,430 --> 00:37:43,280
commercialization to this end the

1105
00:37:46,950 --> 00:37:45,440
committee will explore equitable methods

1106
00:37:49,109 --> 00:37:46,960
for nasa in collaboration with

1107
00:37:51,190 --> 00:37:49,119
commercial crew providers to utilize

1108
00:37:53,270 --> 00:37:51,200
excess seats for commercial activities

1109
00:37:55,829 --> 00:37:53,280
and for reimbursed funds from those

1110
00:37:57,750 --> 00:37:55,839
activities to be leveraged by the agency

1111
00:38:00,069 --> 00:37:57,760
potentially to purchase volume and or

1112
00:38:02,630 --> 00:38:00,079
services on private sector habitats to

1113
00:38:03,750 --> 00:38:02,640
the iss or free-flying commercial space

1114
00:38:06,550 --> 00:38:03,760
stations

1115
00:38:08,310 --> 00:38:06,560
america must maintain a presence in leo

1116
00:38:10,550 --> 00:38:08,320
the country is still experiencing the

1117
00:38:11,750 --> 00:38:10,560
pain of human spaceflight transportation

1118
00:38:14,390 --> 00:38:11,760
gap

1119
00:38:16,630 --> 00:38:14,400
we cannot allow history to repeat itself

1120
00:38:19,190 --> 00:38:16,640
by saddling future generations with a

1121
00:38:21,030 --> 00:38:19,200
space platform gap we owe it to

1122
00:38:23,030 --> 00:38:21,040
ourselves and our children to do better

1123
00:38:24,790 --> 00:38:23,040
than that and this committee will do its

1124
00:38:26,390 --> 00:38:24,800
part to identify regulations and

1125
00:38:28,390 --> 00:38:26,400
policies for the administrators

1126
00:38:30,470 --> 00:38:28,400
consideration in support of private

1127
00:38:32,470 --> 00:38:30,480
sector leo development

1128
00:38:34,310 --> 00:38:32,480
looking forward to a future where in leo

1129
00:38:36,950 --> 00:38:34,320
is populated with several private sector

1130
00:38:40,230 --> 00:38:36,960
space stations we must not lose the

1131
00:38:42,470 --> 00:38:40,240
hard-fought victories of the iss and the

1132
00:38:45,030 --> 00:38:42,480
singular global collaboration that the

1133
00:38:46,470 --> 00:38:45,040
station represents specifically this

1134
00:38:48,470 --> 00:38:46,480
committee will provide the administrator

1135
00:38:51,270 --> 00:38:48,480
with recommendations on revising the

1136
00:38:53,109 --> 00:38:51,280
iss's intergovernmental agreement and

1137
00:38:55,190 --> 00:38:53,119
expanding its scope potentially to

1138
00:38:56,230 --> 00:38:55,200
include private sector habitats and

1139
00:38:57,990 --> 00:38:56,240
stations

1140
00:38:59,829 --> 00:38:58,000
in addition to reviewing the iga the

1141
00:39:01,589 --> 00:38:59,839
committee will explore nasa's role in

1142
00:39:04,950 --> 00:39:01,599
supporting the regulatory streamlining

1143
00:39:07,190 --> 00:39:04,960
articulated in spd2 for example second

1144
00:39:09,349 --> 00:39:07,200
only to gravity the itar has been the

1145
00:39:11,589 --> 00:39:09,359
greatest barrier to the liftoff of many

1146
00:39:13,430 --> 00:39:11,599
commercial space enterprises the

1147
00:39:15,109 --> 00:39:13,440
committee will explore how nasa can

1148
00:39:17,510 --> 00:39:15,119
contribute to ensuring that when a

1149
00:39:19,510 --> 00:39:17,520
product or service is widely available

1150
00:39:21,829 --> 00:39:19,520
in the international marketplace that

1151
00:39:23,910 --> 00:39:21,839
commercial development is not held back

1152
00:39:26,230 --> 00:39:23,920
when doing so only hurts american

1153
00:39:27,510 --> 00:39:26,240
capabilities and interests

1154
00:39:29,510 --> 00:39:27,520
the committee has been tasked by the

1155
00:39:32,310 --> 00:39:29,520
administrator to provide recommendations

1156
00:39:34,230 --> 00:39:32,320
on sbd3 as well we are in an era where

1157
00:39:36,710 --> 00:39:34,240
hundreds of satellites can be deployed

1158
00:39:38,710 --> 00:39:36,720
in a single launch there has never been

1159
00:39:40,790 --> 00:39:38,720
a more important time to tackle space

1160
00:39:43,190 --> 00:39:40,800
traffic management and this committee is

1161
00:39:45,349 --> 00:39:43,200
eager to review and identify how nasa

1162
00:39:47,510 --> 00:39:45,359
can help support the laudable goals and

1163
00:39:49,349 --> 00:39:47,520
objectives of sbd3

1164
00:39:51,190 --> 00:39:49,359
last but certainly not least the

1165
00:39:53,349 --> 00:39:51,200
committee will examine regulations

1166
00:39:55,910 --> 00:39:53,359
preventing the harmful contamination of

1167
00:39:58,069 --> 00:39:55,920
the moon mars and other celestial bodies

1168
00:40:00,150 --> 00:39:58,079
we need to adopt policies that meet the

1169
00:40:02,470 --> 00:40:00,160
invaluable principles of the outer space

1170
00:40:04,630 --> 00:40:02,480
treaty but do so in a manner that

1171
00:40:06,950 --> 00:40:04,640
ambitious commercial missions to the

1172
00:40:09,430 --> 00:40:06,960
moon or mars are not unnecessarily

1173
00:40:11,190 --> 00:40:09,440
hindered or outright prohibited these

1174
00:40:12,790 --> 00:40:11,200
are all substantial challenges and the

1175
00:40:15,190 --> 00:40:12,800
committee will soon be populated with a

1176
00:40:16,550 --> 00:40:15,200
team of regulatory and policy experts

1177
00:40:18,390 --> 00:40:16,560
who are working on the front lines of

1178
00:40:20,630 --> 00:40:18,400
commercial space to tackle this

1179
00:40:22,950 --> 00:40:20,640
ambitious agenda again i'm grateful for

1180
00:40:24,790 --> 00:40:22,960
the opportunity to serve on the knack

1181
00:40:26,630 --> 00:40:24,800
thank the administrator and to work with

1182
00:40:28,150 --> 00:40:26,640
nasa at this critical juncture and look

1183
00:40:31,190 --> 00:40:28,160
forward to helping the agency achieve

1184
00:40:36,710 --> 00:40:31,200
escape velocity from red tape

1185
00:40:39,510 --> 00:40:36,720
you you hit a lot of things in there

1186
00:40:41,349 --> 00:40:39,520
that could be perceived as provocative

1187
00:40:43,190 --> 00:40:41,359
and i want to be clear we have not made

1188
00:40:45,430 --> 00:40:43,200
any determinations

1189
00:40:47,990 --> 00:40:45,440
nor have we prejudged the outcome of the

1190
00:40:50,390 --> 00:40:48,000
committee that you're going to chair

1191
00:40:52,950 --> 00:40:50,400
but we talk about commercializing low

1192
00:40:54,630 --> 00:40:52,960
earth orbit in a way where there is no

1193
00:40:55,510 --> 00:40:54,640
gap in low earth orbit we want to make

1194
00:40:57,270 --> 00:40:55,520
sure

1195
00:40:59,109 --> 00:40:57,280
that from the international space

1196
00:41:00,309 --> 00:40:59,119
station to whatever comes next and

1197
00:41:01,910 --> 00:41:00,319
there's going to have to be something

1198
00:41:03,030 --> 00:41:01,920
that comes next because it can't last

1199
00:41:04,470 --> 00:41:03,040
forever

1200
00:41:06,630 --> 00:41:04,480
in that process

1201
00:41:08,069 --> 00:41:06,640
how do we commercialize low earth orbit

1202
00:41:08,870 --> 00:41:08,079
and there's lots of things that can be

1203
00:41:10,150 --> 00:41:08,880
done

1204
00:41:12,230 --> 00:41:10,160
some of the challenges that i've heard

1205
00:41:14,950 --> 00:41:12,240
about as the administrator is that

1206
00:41:16,790 --> 00:41:14,960
our astronauts are prohibited from doing

1207
00:41:18,150 --> 00:41:16,800
certain experiments that are on board

1208
00:41:20,069 --> 00:41:18,160
the iss

1209
00:41:23,349 --> 00:41:20,079
because those experiments might one day

1210
00:41:26,150 --> 00:41:23,359
make a profit for a company that has

1211
00:41:27,910 --> 00:41:26,160
purchased access to the iss now

1212
00:41:30,309 --> 00:41:27,920
um this could be

1213
00:41:32,069 --> 00:41:30,319
uh you know the idea what does nasa do

1214
00:41:34,069 --> 00:41:32,079
nasa works to retire risk and

1215
00:41:36,710 --> 00:41:34,079
commercialize capabilities so that we

1216
00:41:38,309 --> 00:41:36,720
can move on to other things and so did i

1217
00:41:39,910 --> 00:41:38,319
see you did you want to address that

1218
00:41:41,670 --> 00:41:39,920
well you know capitalism works really

1219
00:41:43,190 --> 00:41:41,680
well here on earth there's no reason we

1220
00:41:44,790 --> 00:41:43,200
shouldn't be embracing it

1221
00:41:46,790 --> 00:41:44,800
okay got it

1222
00:41:49,430 --> 00:41:46,800
well the the idea though you mentioned

1223
00:41:51,270 --> 00:41:49,440
some of the some of you know if if if

1224
00:41:52,470 --> 00:41:51,280
our commercial crew partners have seven

1225
00:41:54,150 --> 00:41:52,480
seats

1226
00:41:56,069 --> 00:41:54,160
how do we take advantage of those seven

1227
00:41:58,069 --> 00:41:56,079
seats for them in a way that helps their

1228
00:41:59,829 --> 00:41:58,079
bottom line and at the same time offsets

1229
00:42:01,829 --> 00:41:59,839
our cost

1230
00:42:05,910 --> 00:42:01,839
and and is that feasible is it possible

1231
00:42:07,670 --> 00:42:05,920
legally regulatory um and and so the the

1232
00:42:09,670 --> 00:42:07,680
goal here ultimately

1233
00:42:11,030 --> 00:42:09,680
is to commercialize low-earth orbit to

1234
00:42:12,870 --> 00:42:11,040
make sure there's no gap in low-earth

1235
00:42:14,390 --> 00:42:12,880
orbit and when i say commercialized

1236
00:42:16,230 --> 00:42:14,400
we're talking about industries that

1237
00:42:18,069 --> 00:42:16,240
could be formed around low earth orbit

1238
00:42:19,270 --> 00:42:18,079
in a microgravity environment

1239
00:42:21,190 --> 00:42:19,280
some of the things that we've talked

1240
00:42:23,109 --> 00:42:21,200
about are

1241
00:42:25,990 --> 00:42:23,119
pharmaceuticals for example a

1242
00:42:27,030 --> 00:42:26,000
development of

1243
00:42:28,630 --> 00:42:27,040
no kidding

1244
00:42:30,069 --> 00:42:28,640
you know this came out in the last

1245
00:42:31,349 --> 00:42:30,079
national space council meeting chaired

1246
00:42:32,950 --> 00:42:31,359
by the vice president there was a

1247
00:42:34,309 --> 00:42:32,960
gentleman there from indiana i wonder

1248
00:42:36,550 --> 00:42:34,319
how that happened

1249
00:42:37,430 --> 00:42:36,560
but he but he had a he had a story to

1250
00:42:39,510 --> 00:42:37,440
tell

1251
00:42:42,870 --> 00:42:39,520
about the ability to use adult stem

1252
00:42:44,630 --> 00:42:42,880
cells to 3d print human organs in a

1253
00:42:46,069 --> 00:42:44,640
microgravity environment in a way you

1254
00:42:48,230 --> 00:42:46,079
can't do on earth

1255
00:42:49,589 --> 00:42:48,240
and if we can prove that capability out

1256
00:42:52,150 --> 00:42:49,599
on the international space station and

1257
00:42:54,390 --> 00:42:52,160
then use that as part of the market that

1258
00:42:56,069 --> 00:42:54,400
can keep that commercial capability

1259
00:42:57,510 --> 00:42:56,079
going maybe even outside the

1260
00:42:59,670 --> 00:42:57,520
international space station or on the

1261
00:43:01,190 --> 00:42:59,680
international space station with offsets

1262
00:43:02,710 --> 00:43:01,200
to cost

1263
00:43:04,230 --> 00:43:02,720
those are all good things for for our

1264
00:43:06,550 --> 00:43:04,240
country so

1265
00:43:08,390 --> 00:43:06,560
i mean i would say mr administrator that

1266
00:43:10,150 --> 00:43:08,400
i believe in this i've worked my entire

1267
00:43:11,750 --> 00:43:10,160
life on these commercial activities it

1268
00:43:13,750 --> 00:43:11,760
will happen the question is will it

1269
00:43:17,829 --> 00:43:13,760
happen in america and this committee

1270
00:43:20,069 --> 00:43:17,839
will be committed to developing policies

1271
00:43:21,829 --> 00:43:20,079
that make it easy that will facilitate

1272
00:43:23,190 --> 00:43:21,839
it happening here because if we don't

1273
00:43:25,270 --> 00:43:23,200
take these actions just like you're

1274
00:43:27,589 --> 00:43:25,280
describing with other policy regulations

1275
00:43:29,750 --> 00:43:27,599
it will go overseas that's great well

1276
00:43:31,589 --> 00:43:29,760
i'm looking forward to seeing

1277
00:43:33,829 --> 00:43:31,599
we're going to start populating that

1278
00:43:35,750 --> 00:43:33,839
committee with experts from across the

1279
00:43:37,670 --> 00:43:35,760
country with a broad

1280
00:43:39,750 --> 00:43:37,680
a very diverse set of views and

1281
00:43:41,829 --> 00:43:39,760
capabilities and backgrounds and

1282
00:43:43,589 --> 00:43:41,839
ultimately seeing where that where that

1283
00:43:45,349 --> 00:43:43,599
goes and and what is what is in the

1284
00:43:46,630 --> 00:43:45,359
realm of possibility because right now

1285
00:43:48,870 --> 00:43:46,640
we don't know but we're going to start

1286
00:43:50,390 --> 00:43:48,880
asking these tough and in some cases

1287
00:43:51,270 --> 00:43:50,400
provocative questions so at the end of

1288
00:43:52,950 --> 00:43:51,280
the day

1289
00:43:55,270 --> 00:43:52,960
we can get from point a to point b in

1290
00:43:57,910 --> 00:43:55,280
the in the fastest way possible so

1291
00:43:58,870 --> 00:43:57,920
i appreciate you jumping in to tackle

1292
00:44:00,150 --> 00:43:58,880
that

1293
00:44:02,069 --> 00:44:00,160
um

1294
00:44:03,589 --> 00:44:02,079
i feel very very positive about the

1295
00:44:04,870 --> 00:44:03,599
ability of

1296
00:44:06,309 --> 00:44:04,880
mike's uh

1297
00:44:07,750 --> 00:44:06,319
committee and the whole council to

1298
00:44:09,750 --> 00:44:07,760
really take on these things very

1299
00:44:11,670 --> 00:44:09,760
seriously no pun intended i think the

1300
00:44:12,550 --> 00:44:11,680
stars are aligned right now you

1301
00:44:15,910 --> 00:44:12,560
mentioned

1302
00:44:17,750 --> 00:44:15,920
obviously spd1 spd2 spd3 but also the

1303
00:44:19,430 --> 00:44:17,760
national space council

1304
00:44:21,829 --> 00:44:19,440
and the user advisory group as part of

1305
00:44:24,230 --> 00:44:21,839
that council if i look at the tasking

1306
00:44:26,309 --> 00:44:24,240
giving from the white house to the space

1307
00:44:28,150 --> 00:44:26,319
council and user advisory group they're

1308
00:44:30,150 --> 00:44:28,160
right along the same lines of tackling

1309
00:44:31,750 --> 00:44:30,160
those barriers those policy those

1310
00:44:33,030 --> 00:44:31,760
regulatory issues that are getting in

1311
00:44:35,030 --> 00:44:33,040
the way so

1312
00:44:36,870 --> 00:44:35,040
the stars are aligned i think we can

1313
00:44:37,990 --> 00:44:36,880
have nothing but success ahead of us and

1314
00:44:40,150 --> 00:44:38,000
you're the

1315
00:44:41,990 --> 00:44:40,160
you also serve on the user advisory

1316
00:44:44,069 --> 00:44:42,000
group of the national space council yes

1317
00:44:45,670 --> 00:44:44,079
sir so you're you're going to get a very

1318
00:44:47,589 --> 00:44:45,680
unique perspective that you can bring to

1319
00:44:49,670 --> 00:44:47,599
us on i am a floating retirement badly

1320
00:44:51,910 --> 00:44:49,680
but i'm going to get it okay well good

1321
00:44:52,950 --> 00:44:51,920
so so so to that point i want to also

1322
00:44:54,309 --> 00:44:52,960
talk about something else that's

1323
00:44:56,150 --> 00:44:54,319
important for our country right now we

1324
00:44:57,829 --> 00:44:56,160
have had in the history of our country

1325
00:44:59,030 --> 00:44:57,839
we've had national space councils in the

1326
00:45:01,589 --> 00:44:59,040
past

1327
00:45:03,109 --> 00:45:01,599
they have not always been effective uh

1328
00:45:04,470 --> 00:45:03,119
i'm here to tell you that as far as i

1329
00:45:05,990 --> 00:45:04,480
can tell the one we have right now is

1330
00:45:07,270 --> 00:45:06,000
being very effective

1331
00:45:09,190 --> 00:45:07,280
and of course they're appointing great

1332
00:45:12,069 --> 00:45:09,200
people to serve on the user advisory

1333
00:45:13,829 --> 00:45:12,079
group of the national space council

1334
00:45:14,870 --> 00:45:13,839
so i'll just kind of define for maybe

1335
00:45:16,230 --> 00:45:14,880
some people in the room that are not

1336
00:45:19,109 --> 00:45:16,240
aware

1337
00:45:22,470 --> 00:45:20,870
nasa is not the only agency that's

1338
00:45:23,750 --> 00:45:22,480
involved in space and of course the

1339
00:45:25,430 --> 00:45:23,760
department of defense people are

1340
00:45:26,870 --> 00:45:25,440
familiar with the intelligence community

1341
00:45:28,710 --> 00:45:26,880
people are familiar with

1342
00:45:31,829 --> 00:45:28,720
but the department of transportation is

1343
00:45:32,950 --> 00:45:31,839
involved in space as well from the faa

1344
00:45:35,349 --> 00:45:32,960
office of commercial space

1345
00:45:37,990 --> 00:45:35,359
transportation the commerce department

1346
00:45:39,990 --> 00:45:38,000
is involved in space now with noaa and

1347
00:45:42,069 --> 00:45:40,000
other regulatory capabilities that they

1348
00:45:43,589 --> 00:45:42,079
have and of course under space policy

1349
00:45:46,230 --> 00:45:43,599
directives two and three they're going

1350
00:45:47,270 --> 00:45:46,240
to be a lot more involved in space so

1351
00:45:49,990 --> 00:45:47,280
all of the

1352
00:45:52,309 --> 00:45:50,000
the heads of these agencies the the

1353
00:45:54,309 --> 00:45:52,319
secretaries of these agencies

1354
00:45:56,390 --> 00:45:54,319
serve on the national space council the

1355
00:45:58,150 --> 00:45:56,400
secretary of defense the director of

1356
00:45:59,750 --> 00:45:58,160
national intelligence the

1357
00:46:01,349 --> 00:45:59,760
secretary of transportation secretary of

1358
00:46:03,910 --> 00:46:01,359
commerce of course the nasa

1359
00:46:05,670 --> 00:46:03,920
administrator and others and we we

1360
00:46:07,510 --> 00:46:05,680
collaborate on ultimately what are the

1361
00:46:09,109 --> 00:46:07,520
policies that will enable the american

1362
00:46:12,150 --> 00:46:09,119
space enterprise

1363
00:46:13,829 --> 00:46:12,160
to remain preeminent um and of course

1364
00:46:16,230 --> 00:46:13,839
this in this particular case the the

1365
00:46:17,750 --> 00:46:16,240
council is chaired by the vice president

1366
00:46:21,349 --> 00:46:17,760
of the united states

1367
00:46:23,510 --> 00:46:21,359
who is very actively engaged he has

1368
00:46:24,950 --> 00:46:23,520
you know visited kennedy twice visited

1369
00:46:27,030 --> 00:46:24,960
johnson twice

1370
00:46:29,589 --> 00:46:27,040
visited marshall and jpl

1371
00:46:31,510 --> 00:46:29,599
he's taking a personal interest in this

1372
00:46:33,430 --> 00:46:31,520
i mean everything i just mentioned is is

1373
00:46:35,910 --> 00:46:33,440
specific to nasa but he's done a lot

1374
00:46:37,910 --> 00:46:35,920
more that includes the interagency so

1375
00:46:39,030 --> 00:46:37,920
we're in great shape i'll also say on

1376
00:46:40,230 --> 00:46:39,040
that point

1377
00:46:44,470 --> 00:46:40,240
that

1378
00:46:46,550 --> 00:46:44,480
in congress

1379
00:46:48,309 --> 00:46:46,560
the president's budget request increased

1380
00:46:50,150 --> 00:46:48,319
nasa by a billion dollars when you have

1381
00:46:52,550 --> 00:46:50,160
a 19 point something billion dollar

1382
00:46:53,270 --> 00:46:52,560
budget a billion dollars is a lot

1383
00:46:55,270 --> 00:46:53,280
and

1384
00:46:56,870 --> 00:46:55,280
even before i got here to go advocate

1385
00:46:59,990 --> 00:46:56,880
for that new billion dollars congress

1386
00:47:02,230 --> 00:47:00,000
had plused up nasa by 1.7 billion

1387
00:47:04,470 --> 00:47:02,240
so this is strong bipartisan support

1388
00:47:06,309 --> 00:47:04,480
support from the administration

1389
00:47:09,270 --> 00:47:06,319
part of what i hope this group can

1390
00:47:12,390 --> 00:47:09,280
achieve is making sure that nasa remains

1391
00:47:13,990 --> 00:47:12,400
apolitical remains bipartisan so that

1392
00:47:15,430 --> 00:47:14,000
this is good for our country and its

1393
00:47:17,910 --> 00:47:15,440
entirety

1394
00:47:19,510 --> 00:47:17,920
and not um not focused on you know

1395
00:47:20,950 --> 00:47:19,520
things that can divide us but things

1396
00:47:23,109 --> 00:47:20,960
that can unite us

1397
00:47:25,190 --> 00:47:23,119
um and and being able to do more than

1398
00:47:27,270 --> 00:47:25,200
we've ever done before so general i'll

1399
00:47:28,950 --> 00:47:27,280
uh let you open it up to others other

1400
00:47:33,349 --> 00:47:28,960
questions and comments from the uh from

1401
00:47:37,670 --> 00:47:35,589
yes amy

1402
00:47:40,069 --> 00:47:37,680
good afternoon mr administrator i would

1403
00:47:43,270 --> 00:47:40,079
love to hear your thoughts about how you

1404
00:47:45,589 --> 00:47:43,280
see the role of the agency in preparing

1405
00:47:47,910 --> 00:47:45,599
the stem workforce of the future not

1406
00:47:52,309 --> 00:47:47,920
just for the agency but really for our

1407
00:47:53,430 --> 00:47:52,319
entire country one a wonderful question

1408
00:47:55,510 --> 00:47:53,440
so

1409
00:47:57,030 --> 00:47:55,520
there was a time in my life before i was

1410
00:47:59,829 --> 00:47:57,040
in the house and before i was the nasa

1411
00:48:01,589 --> 00:47:59,839
administrator i ran a non-profit tulsa

1412
00:48:04,549 --> 00:48:01,599
air and space museum

1413
00:48:08,470 --> 00:48:04,559
and it was a great opportunity for me to

1414
00:48:10,790 --> 00:48:08,480
see firsthand how nasa uniquely can

1415
00:48:12,390 --> 00:48:10,800
impact the lives of children

1416
00:48:14,150 --> 00:48:12,400
so uh

1417
00:48:15,750 --> 00:48:14,160
and and not just impact their lives but

1418
00:48:18,549 --> 00:48:15,760
really kind of change the direction of

1419
00:48:20,470 --> 00:48:18,559
their their course and the reason i was

1420
00:48:22,870 --> 00:48:20,480
so interested in that

1421
00:48:24,710 --> 00:48:22,880
even to lead this non-profit museum

1422
00:48:26,549 --> 00:48:24,720
when i was young

1423
00:48:29,109 --> 00:48:26,559
i think it was the summer after my fifth

1424
00:48:31,829 --> 00:48:29,119
grade and before my sixth grade year

1425
00:48:33,910 --> 00:48:31,839
um i had the opportunity to go and and

1426
00:48:37,109 --> 00:48:33,920
and go to a summer camp where i got to

1427
00:48:39,829 --> 00:48:37,119
manipulate and play with a wind tunnel

1428
00:48:42,390 --> 00:48:39,839
and and it really you know i i learned

1429
00:48:45,829 --> 00:48:42,400
about bernoulli's theory and i learned

1430
00:48:47,910 --> 00:48:45,839
about the camber of a wing and you know

1431
00:48:49,670 --> 00:48:47,920
lift and drag and all the fundamentals

1432
00:48:51,910 --> 00:48:49,680
and how to make those things change by

1433
00:48:53,829 --> 00:48:51,920
changing the shape of the wing i learned

1434
00:48:55,190 --> 00:48:53,839
that the summer between i think it was

1435
00:48:56,549 --> 00:48:55,200
the summer between my fifth and sixth

1436
00:48:58,790 --> 00:48:56,559
grade year

1437
00:49:00,309 --> 00:48:58,800
but you know at that point it was in my

1438
00:49:03,589 --> 00:49:00,319
mind from that point forward that i

1439
00:49:06,630 --> 00:49:03,599
wanted to be involved in aviation and so

1440
00:49:09,109 --> 00:49:06,640
in fact in those days i had a picture

1441
00:49:11,030 --> 00:49:09,119
hanging on my wall of a nasa

1442
00:49:13,190 --> 00:49:11,040
and in fact it was a multi-agency kind

1443
00:49:16,790 --> 00:49:13,200
of program darpa and others but it was

1444
00:49:18,470 --> 00:49:16,800
an x-29 a forward swept wing aircraft

1445
00:49:20,230 --> 00:49:18,480
and all i knew back then is that this

1446
00:49:21,750 --> 00:49:20,240
thing looked really cool and i had to

1447
00:49:24,150 --> 00:49:21,760
put it on my wall

1448
00:49:26,069 --> 00:49:24,160
and uh and and i did and as i grew older

1449
00:49:27,910 --> 00:49:26,079
i started learning about why would we

1450
00:49:30,069 --> 00:49:27,920
ever want to prove out a forward swept

1451
00:49:31,589 --> 00:49:30,079
wing aircraft and learning about the

1452
00:49:32,430 --> 00:49:31,599
trade-off between

1453
00:49:34,950 --> 00:49:32,440
you know

1454
00:49:37,030 --> 00:49:34,960
maneuverability and stability like you

1455
00:49:39,030 --> 00:49:37,040
you can you can have both but you can't

1456
00:49:41,349 --> 00:49:39,040
have both at the same time

1457
00:49:43,349 --> 00:49:41,359
um and and ultimately the idea that the

1458
00:49:44,549 --> 00:49:43,359
more maneuverable you make an aircraft

1459
00:49:47,109 --> 00:49:44,559
which is what you get with a forward

1460
00:49:48,309 --> 00:49:47,119
swept wing moving at high speeds

1461
00:49:50,390 --> 00:49:48,319
the more you're not going to be able to

1462
00:49:51,990 --> 00:49:50,400
control it as a pilot and in fact it

1463
00:49:54,230 --> 00:49:52,000
wouldn't be controllable

1464
00:49:55,910 --> 00:49:54,240
but because of nasa technology and nasa

1465
00:49:57,430 --> 00:49:55,920
investment we were able to create flight

1466
00:49:58,630 --> 00:49:57,440
control computers that actually could

1467
00:50:00,309 --> 00:49:58,640
control it

1468
00:50:02,470 --> 00:50:00,319
and at the same time

1469
00:50:04,710 --> 00:50:02,480
you know forward swept wings flying at

1470
00:50:06,950 --> 00:50:04,720
that speed it was

1471
00:50:08,390 --> 00:50:06,960
it was an f5 airframe but with that

1472
00:50:09,750 --> 00:50:08,400
forward swept wing it would go

1473
00:50:10,829 --> 00:50:09,760
sufficiently fast to where it would

1474
00:50:13,910 --> 00:50:10,839
actually come

1475
00:50:16,630 --> 00:50:13,920
apart under normal circumstances well at

1476
00:50:18,309 --> 00:50:16,640
the time early 80s maybe late 70s really

1477
00:50:19,990 --> 00:50:18,319
when it first started

1478
00:50:21,430 --> 00:50:20,000
the the development of composite

1479
00:50:23,430 --> 00:50:21,440
materials where you could actually

1480
00:50:25,349 --> 00:50:23,440
strengthen the wing much stronger than

1481
00:50:26,950 --> 00:50:25,359
it would otherwise be and not pay a

1482
00:50:27,750 --> 00:50:26,960
weight penalty

1483
00:50:29,510 --> 00:50:27,760
um

1484
00:50:30,470 --> 00:50:29,520
so the forward swept wing gave us you

1485
00:50:33,990 --> 00:50:30,480
know

1486
00:50:36,390 --> 00:50:34,000
that gave us flight control computer

1487
00:50:37,589 --> 00:50:36,400
capabilities um and and i started

1488
00:50:38,950 --> 00:50:37,599
learning about these things and wanting

1489
00:50:40,549 --> 00:50:38,960
to know more and eventually i came to

1490
00:50:42,150 --> 00:50:40,559
the point in my life when i graduated

1491
00:50:44,390 --> 00:50:42,160
from college

1492
00:50:46,150 --> 00:50:44,400
i was interested in maybe you know i was

1493
00:50:47,670 --> 00:50:46,160
interviewing for you know investment

1494
00:50:49,670 --> 00:50:47,680
banking positions and consulting

1495
00:50:51,750 --> 00:50:49,680
positions and didn't want to do any of

1496
00:50:53,109 --> 00:50:51,760
it i wanted to be in aviation and i

1497
00:50:54,870 --> 00:50:53,119
wanted to be in aviation because of

1498
00:50:56,870 --> 00:50:54,880
these experiences i had growing up

1499
00:50:59,349 --> 00:50:56,880
whether it was the wind tunnel or the

1500
00:51:01,829 --> 00:50:59,359
x-29 or might have something to do with

1501
00:51:03,190 --> 00:51:01,839
the movie top gun as well i i i don't

1502
00:51:04,950 --> 00:51:03,200
remember

1503
00:51:06,390 --> 00:51:04,960
but but at the end of the day

1504
00:51:08,309 --> 00:51:06,400
these are the kind of things that

1505
00:51:09,990 --> 00:51:08,319
inspire children to do you know

1506
00:51:11,750 --> 00:51:10,000
different activities that are that are

1507
00:51:13,910 --> 00:51:11,760
good for for the country

1508
00:51:17,349 --> 00:51:13,920
and if we as an agency look if we want

1509
00:51:18,710 --> 00:51:17,359
to inspire that next generation for stem

1510
00:51:20,549 --> 00:51:18,720
which i think is critically important

1511
00:51:22,710 --> 00:51:20,559
for the good of our country

1512
00:51:24,870 --> 00:51:22,720
nasa has to do stunning things that's

1513
00:51:27,030 --> 00:51:24,880
why i'm a big believer in the x-plane

1514
00:51:28,950 --> 00:51:27,040
capabilities that we have as a nation

1515
00:51:30,470 --> 00:51:28,960
you know we can do computational fluid

1516
00:51:32,309 --> 00:51:30,480
dynamics

1517
00:51:34,069 --> 00:51:32,319
and see kind of you know what what

1518
00:51:35,510 --> 00:51:34,079
happens on a computer

1519
00:51:36,390 --> 00:51:35,520
but at the end of the day if you can fly

1520
00:51:38,549 --> 00:51:36,400
an airplane

1521
00:51:40,950 --> 00:51:38,559
and kids can see that airplane fly and

1522
00:51:43,430 --> 00:51:40,960
they can put that poster on their wall

1523
00:51:45,349 --> 00:51:43,440
that's how you get folks excited and by

1524
00:51:46,630 --> 00:51:45,359
the way that's all critically important

1525
00:51:48,390 --> 00:51:46,640
as well

1526
00:51:50,710 --> 00:51:48,400
it's not just for the stem it's also for

1527
00:51:53,430 --> 00:51:50,720
the development of technology so

1528
00:51:55,270 --> 00:51:53,440
i'm a big advocate of nasa's stem

1529
00:51:57,109 --> 00:51:55,280
mission in fact if you

1530
00:51:58,790 --> 00:51:57,119
spend five minutes at the headquarters

1531
00:52:00,790 --> 00:51:58,800
asking people

1532
00:52:03,430 --> 00:52:00,800
you know why do you work for nasa

1533
00:52:05,829 --> 00:52:03,440
they can give you all sorts of of

1534
00:52:07,510 --> 00:52:05,839
of things that happened in their past

1535
00:52:08,790 --> 00:52:07,520
that made them want to one day work at

1536
00:52:10,790 --> 00:52:08,800
this agency

1537
00:52:12,390 --> 00:52:10,800
and one of the things depending on the

1538
00:52:14,950 --> 00:52:12,400
age group that you talk to

1539
00:52:18,470 --> 00:52:14,960
everybody remembers where they were

1540
00:52:21,430 --> 00:52:18,480
when apollo 11 landed on the moon

1541
00:52:23,109 --> 00:52:21,440
and that has been monumental for

1542
00:52:25,109 --> 00:52:23,119
so many people that work in the stem

1543
00:52:26,470 --> 00:52:25,119
fields in this country including people

1544
00:52:28,870 --> 00:52:26,480
that are sitting around this table right

1545
00:52:31,910 --> 00:52:28,880
now so

1546
00:52:34,870 --> 00:52:31,920
so look nasa has a big role to play here

1547
00:52:36,630 --> 00:52:34,880
we need stunning achievements we need to

1548
00:52:38,150 --> 00:52:36,640
do things that are cool and we need to

1549
00:52:39,829 --> 00:52:38,160
make sure that we're communicating that

1550
00:52:41,589 --> 00:52:39,839
to the previous conversation

1551
00:52:43,670 --> 00:52:41,599
communicating that to

1552
00:52:45,430 --> 00:52:43,680
to the world you know we talked about

1553
00:52:47,270 --> 00:52:45,440
the potential you know

1554
00:52:48,790 --> 00:52:47,280
is it possible for us to sell the naming

1555
00:52:50,790 --> 00:52:48,800
rights on a rocket why would we want to

1556
00:52:52,549 --> 00:52:50,800
do that as nasa don't get me wrong we

1557
00:52:53,910 --> 00:52:52,559
want to brand nasa

1558
00:52:55,510 --> 00:52:53,920
but why would we want to sell the naming

1559
00:52:56,630 --> 00:52:55,520
rights well because then those private

1560
00:52:58,950 --> 00:52:56,640
companies

1561
00:53:01,829 --> 00:52:58,960
can then embed in their marketing

1562
00:53:03,910 --> 00:53:01,839
campaigns nasa we can embed nasa into

1563
00:53:07,349 --> 00:53:03,920
the culture and the fabric of american

1564
00:53:09,190 --> 00:53:07,359
society and inspire generations of folks

1565
00:53:11,589 --> 00:53:09,200
that will you know create those next

1566
00:53:13,349 --> 00:53:11,599
capabilities to keep america preeminent

1567
00:53:15,349 --> 00:53:13,359
not only in space but in science and

1568
00:53:17,990 --> 00:53:15,359
technology and discovery and exploration

1569
00:53:19,910 --> 00:53:18,000
so thank you for that question

1570
00:53:21,030 --> 00:53:19,920
other questions from the council members

1571
00:53:24,309 --> 00:53:21,040
yes

1572
00:53:29,670 --> 00:53:26,710
thank you mr administrator

1573
00:53:32,549 --> 00:53:29,680
there is some really incredible science

1574
00:53:33,829 --> 00:53:32,559
that could be facilitated um and it

1575
00:53:35,910 --> 00:53:33,839
could be implemented as part of the

1576
00:53:36,710 --> 00:53:35,920
implementation of space policy directive

1577
00:53:39,190 --> 00:53:36,720
one

1578
00:53:41,670 --> 00:53:39,200
and in all areas of the nasa science

1579
00:53:43,670 --> 00:53:41,680
portfolio and so i was wondering if you

1580
00:53:45,270 --> 00:53:43,680
could talk a little bit about how you

1581
00:53:47,030 --> 00:53:45,280
might prioritize some of the science

1582
00:53:47,990 --> 00:53:47,040
that might happen

1583
00:53:49,670 --> 00:53:48,000
another

1584
00:53:50,790 --> 00:53:49,680
great question and important for the

1585
00:53:52,950 --> 00:53:50,800
agency

1586
00:53:54,630 --> 00:53:52,960
um and and i'm glad you asked it because

1587
00:53:56,470 --> 00:53:54,640
i want to make sure before my time here

1588
00:53:58,630 --> 00:53:56,480
ends i'm going to ask thomas to talk

1589
00:54:00,150 --> 00:53:58,640
thomas zurbukin the associate

1590
00:54:01,510 --> 00:54:00,160
administrator of the science mission

1591
00:54:02,549 --> 00:54:01,520
directorate at nasa i'm going to ask him

1592
00:54:03,750 --> 00:54:02,559
to talk about some things but it's a

1593
00:54:05,190 --> 00:54:03,760
good question

1594
00:54:06,950 --> 00:54:05,200
and i'll tell you how i think about it

1595
00:54:08,870 --> 00:54:06,960
because i talked for a second about why

1596
00:54:10,950 --> 00:54:08,880
we want to make sure nasa remains

1597
00:54:12,390 --> 00:54:10,960
apolitical and nonpartisan because

1598
00:54:14,790 --> 00:54:12,400
ultimately that's that's how we're going

1599
00:54:16,950 --> 00:54:14,800
to be able to do more and find a lot of

1600
00:54:18,470 --> 00:54:16,960
support in the house and in the senate

1601
00:54:20,950 --> 00:54:18,480
in order for me to achieve that

1602
00:54:22,870 --> 00:54:20,960
objective of remaining apolitical and

1603
00:54:24,309 --> 00:54:22,880
you know bipartisan

1604
00:54:25,750 --> 00:54:24,319
i'm going to follow the guidance that

1605
00:54:28,390 --> 00:54:25,760
comes from the national academy of

1606
00:54:30,309 --> 00:54:28,400
sciences through their decadal surveys

1607
00:54:31,990 --> 00:54:30,319
so when you think about those decadal

1608
00:54:33,589 --> 00:54:32,000
surveys you've got astrophysics and

1609
00:54:36,390 --> 00:54:33,599
earth science and

1610
00:54:37,829 --> 00:54:36,400
heliophysics and planetary science we're

1611
00:54:39,510 --> 00:54:37,839
going to follow the guidance of those

1612
00:54:42,470 --> 00:54:39,520
decadal surveys for the purpose of

1613
00:54:44,630 --> 00:54:42,480
making sure that we are dispassionately

1614
00:54:47,190 --> 00:54:44,640
going the directions that the that the

1615
00:54:49,349 --> 00:54:47,200
science community wants us to go as they

1616
00:54:51,670 --> 00:54:49,359
have reached consensus which is that's

1617
00:54:53,349 --> 00:54:51,680
that's the purpose of doing that

1618
00:54:55,190 --> 00:54:53,359
now as you mentioned

1619
00:54:56,630 --> 00:54:55,200
the moon you mentioned space policy

1620
00:54:58,549 --> 00:54:56,640
directive one that means we're going to

1621
00:55:01,270 --> 00:54:58,559
the moon and how how does that relate to

1622
00:55:03,190 --> 00:55:01,280
science well there is a history at nasa

1623
00:55:04,549 --> 00:55:03,200
where what you do at the moon is not

1624
00:55:06,230 --> 00:55:04,559
science it's part of the human

1625
00:55:07,670 --> 00:55:06,240
exploration mission directorate and

1626
00:55:10,710 --> 00:55:07,680
science is everything other than the

1627
00:55:13,910 --> 00:55:10,720
moon that goes either beyond the moon or

1628
00:55:17,030 --> 00:55:13,920
maybe back to heliophysics et cetera

1629
00:55:19,829 --> 00:55:17,040
all of that being being the case

1630
00:55:22,630 --> 00:55:19,839
we need to think kind of

1631
00:55:23,589 --> 00:55:22,640
transdisciplinary in a transdisciplinary

1632
00:55:25,589 --> 00:55:23,599
way

1633
00:55:28,230 --> 00:55:25,599
about what science is at the moon

1634
00:55:29,829 --> 00:55:28,240
because again 1969 to 2008 we thought

1635
00:55:30,950 --> 00:55:29,839
the moon was bone dry what else do we

1636
00:55:33,349 --> 00:55:30,960
not know

1637
00:55:34,470 --> 00:55:33,359
about the moon and how much can we learn

1638
00:55:36,710 --> 00:55:34,480
so we're going to be looking at those

1639
00:55:39,910 --> 00:55:36,720
decadal surveys and having them

1640
00:55:41,990 --> 00:55:39,920
inform the direction that we go

1641
00:55:43,510 --> 00:55:42,000
but but ultimately we need to we need to

1642
00:55:45,829 --> 00:55:43,520
be clear

1643
00:55:46,789 --> 00:55:45,839
that there is a lot of science at the

1644
00:55:49,670 --> 00:55:46,799
moon

1645
00:55:52,390 --> 00:55:49,680
that we have yet um to understand

1646
00:55:53,430 --> 00:55:52,400
uh and so i'd like to and

1647
00:55:55,750 --> 00:55:53,440
one of the things that we're going to do

1648
00:55:57,430 --> 00:55:55,760
not today but in the future

1649
00:55:59,750 --> 00:55:57,440
and i wasn't planning to talk about this

1650
00:56:01,510 --> 00:55:59,760
necessarily today but i will

1651
00:56:03,030 --> 00:56:01,520
anyway we'll make some more news today

1652
00:56:04,789 --> 00:56:03,040
why not

1653
00:56:06,069 --> 00:56:04,799
i was we're going to eventually get to a

1654
00:56:07,430 --> 00:56:06,079
point where we're going to stand up a

1655
00:56:09,589 --> 00:56:07,440
committee

1656
00:56:12,789 --> 00:56:09,599
within this group that is focused on

1657
00:56:15,190 --> 00:56:12,799
science at the moon specifically

1658
00:56:17,750 --> 00:56:15,200
and the reason we want to do that in a

1659
00:56:18,950 --> 00:56:17,760
collaboration between human exploration

1660
00:56:20,630 --> 00:56:18,960
and science

1661
00:56:22,309 --> 00:56:20,640
is because there's a lot of synergies

1662
00:56:25,190 --> 00:56:22,319
here that maybe historically haven't

1663
00:56:27,990 --> 00:56:25,200
been optimized so if we'll talk for a

1664
00:56:30,870 --> 00:56:28,000
second thomas about that

1665
00:56:32,870 --> 00:56:30,880
thank you so much you know just like you

1666
00:56:34,549 --> 00:56:32,880
i believe the moon

1667
00:56:36,630 --> 00:56:34,559
is a body of the solar system that's

1668
00:56:38,789 --> 00:56:36,640
worthy of exploration

1669
00:56:41,109 --> 00:56:38,799
by itself why would it be the only body

1670
00:56:42,789 --> 00:56:41,119
that's not right right and for me that

1671
00:56:45,910 --> 00:56:42,799
that never made sense and

1672
00:56:48,789 --> 00:56:45,920
needless to say there is important

1673
00:56:51,270 --> 00:56:48,799
information in the last decade even

1674
00:56:53,270 --> 00:56:51,280
of the planetary sciences that pointed

1675
00:56:55,829 --> 00:56:53,280
to questions

1676
00:56:57,670 --> 00:56:55,839
at the moon that we have no clue about

1677
00:57:00,630 --> 00:56:57,680
what the answer is some of them are

1678
00:57:02,950 --> 00:57:00,640
related to the entire water cycles the

1679
00:57:05,270 --> 00:57:02,960
multiple sources of water and so forth

1680
00:57:07,510 --> 00:57:05,280
what's also important is once we unlock

1681
00:57:09,349 --> 00:57:07,520
the opportunities

1682
00:57:12,150 --> 00:57:09,359
on the surface of the moon or near the

1683
00:57:13,750 --> 00:57:12,160
moon and as part of the gateway or other

1684
00:57:16,789 --> 00:57:13,760
infrastructure that's there we can

1685
00:57:17,829 --> 00:57:16,799
answer questions in other disciplines

1686
00:57:20,470 --> 00:57:17,839
that

1687
00:57:22,549 --> 00:57:20,480
cannot be answered in any other fashion

1688
00:57:25,030 --> 00:57:22,559
and i want to remind

1689
00:57:26,870 --> 00:57:25,040
you know the listeners that there is a

1690
00:57:29,510 --> 00:57:26,880
window in the electromagnetic spectrum

1691
00:57:32,870 --> 00:57:29,520
we've never seen we've never listened

1692
00:57:34,230 --> 00:57:32,880
and that is very low frequency radio

1693
00:57:36,390 --> 00:57:34,240
astrophysics

1694
00:57:38,829 --> 00:57:36,400
that the earth is too noisy the sun is

1695
00:57:40,470 --> 00:57:38,839
too noisy so we want to make those

1696
00:57:43,270 --> 00:57:40,480
observations

1697
00:57:46,710 --> 00:57:43,280
on the back side of the moon when it's

1698
00:57:48,150 --> 00:57:46,720
dark see the sun is is and the earth all

1699
00:57:51,190 --> 00:57:48,160
the noise is

1700
00:57:53,670 --> 00:57:51,200
is shut off uh by the moon so that's a

1701
00:57:55,990 --> 00:57:53,680
real opportunity there's other questions

1702
00:57:58,470 --> 00:57:56,000
like that and the committee that you're

1703
00:58:00,950 --> 00:57:58,480
referring to will look at

1704
00:58:02,549 --> 00:58:00,960
both signs off the moon but also signs

1705
00:58:04,549 --> 00:58:02,559
that can be addressed

1706
00:58:07,109 --> 00:58:04,559
using that infrastructure

1707
00:58:09,829 --> 00:58:07,119
near the moon and on the surface of the

1708
00:58:11,750 --> 00:58:09,839
moon in in a multidisciplinary fashion

1709
00:58:14,630 --> 00:58:11,760
in every one of those disciplines we're

1710
00:58:16,390 --> 00:58:14,640
aware of questions for which uh

1711
00:58:18,470 --> 00:58:16,400
this kind of investigation is very much

1712
00:58:19,589 --> 00:58:18,480
worth the investment and yes we want to

1713
00:58:21,349 --> 00:58:19,599
look at the

1714
00:58:23,589 --> 00:58:21,359
national academies decades to help

1715
00:58:25,990 --> 00:58:23,599
prioritize that but it's something that

1716
00:58:27,990 --> 00:58:26,000
we really want guidance from the product

1717
00:58:30,630 --> 00:58:28,000
community that's great

1718
00:58:32,549 --> 00:58:30,640
that's uh great to hear um

1719
00:58:34,950 --> 00:58:32,559
bill did you want to obviously this is a

1720
00:58:36,390 --> 00:58:34,960
collaboration between heo and science

1721
00:58:37,750 --> 00:58:36,400
did you want to

1722
00:58:39,190 --> 00:58:37,760
add anything to that

1723
00:58:41,030 --> 00:58:39,200
you know i think again you'll get a

1724
00:58:42,950 --> 00:58:41,040
chance to hear when the committee chairs

1725
00:58:43,990 --> 00:58:42,960
get up and talk a little bit we did a

1726
00:58:45,990 --> 00:58:44,000
joint

1727
00:58:47,430 --> 00:58:46,000
human exploration operations committee

1728
00:58:49,990 --> 00:58:47,440
with the science committee meeting

1729
00:58:52,470 --> 00:58:50,000
yesterday and there was a really good

1730
00:58:54,870 --> 00:58:52,480
exchange between those two committees on

1731
00:58:57,109 --> 00:58:54,880
exciting ideas they can use the

1732
00:58:59,349 --> 00:58:57,119
facilities of the gateway they can do

1733
00:59:01,829 --> 00:58:59,359
surface activities the science that that

1734
00:59:03,190 --> 00:59:01,839
can enable and that synergistic action

1735
00:59:04,630 --> 00:59:03,200
back and forth was really really

1736
00:59:05,990 --> 00:59:04,640
positive i think you'll get a chance to

1737
00:59:08,309 --> 00:59:06,000
hear some recommendations and some

1738
00:59:10,069 --> 00:59:08,319
findings later today from both of those

1739
00:59:11,910 --> 00:59:10,079
those committees on what they heard from

1740
00:59:13,750 --> 00:59:11,920
that discussion but i think this is a

1741
00:59:15,190 --> 00:59:13,760
really rich environment for us and

1742
00:59:17,270 --> 00:59:15,200
together teaming together working

1743
00:59:18,710 --> 00:59:17,280
together we can achieve much more than

1744
00:59:20,789 --> 00:59:18,720
than we could individually doing

1745
00:59:22,309 --> 00:59:20,799
exploration or doing science alone but

1746
00:59:24,789 --> 00:59:22,319
by doing exploration and science

1747
00:59:27,750 --> 00:59:24,799
together it's a much much richer way of

1748
00:59:29,510 --> 00:59:27,760
doing uh activities in space that's uh

1749
00:59:31,190 --> 00:59:29,520
that's that's great to hear

1750
00:59:32,950 --> 00:59:31,200
general jim we'll take one more question

1751
00:59:35,990 --> 00:59:32,960
from john burgasey and then we'll do a

1752
00:59:38,150 --> 00:59:36,000
wrap-up here before we lose the air okay

1753
00:59:41,510 --> 00:59:38,160
thank you administrator for your uh

1754
00:59:43,190 --> 00:59:41,520
discussion on on on space policy uh and

1755
00:59:45,190 --> 00:59:43,200
and that we want to maintain our

1756
00:59:47,829 --> 00:59:45,200
leadership in in space

1757
00:59:51,750 --> 00:59:47,839
we're also uh leaders in

1758
00:59:54,230 --> 00:59:51,760
aeronautics as well uh shown by our 187

1759
00:59:56,069 --> 00:59:54,240
billion dollars of exports

1760
00:59:59,190 --> 00:59:56,079
of aerospace material

1761
01:00:01,109 --> 00:59:59,200
and that's due uh in large part due to

1762
01:00:03,109 --> 01:00:01,119
nasa's innovation over the last several

1763
01:00:05,750 --> 01:00:03,119
years and the continuing innovation

1764
01:00:08,549 --> 01:00:05,760
they're doing in supersonic

1765
01:00:09,510 --> 01:00:08,559
research as well as unmanned air

1766
01:00:15,030 --> 01:00:09,520
traffic

1767
01:00:18,150 --> 01:00:15,040
can you describe a little bit about the

1768
01:00:20,150 --> 01:00:18,160
policy for aeronautics as well yeah no

1769
01:00:22,069 --> 01:00:20,160
that's that's an important point um i'm

1770
01:00:25,270 --> 01:00:22,079
reminded frequently that the first a in

1771
01:00:26,950 --> 01:00:25,280
nasa is for aeronautics specifically uh

1772
01:00:28,950 --> 01:00:26,960
we talked a little bit about some of the

1773
01:00:30,870 --> 01:00:28,960
x-planes especially well the x-29

1774
01:00:32,789 --> 01:00:30,880
historically but right now we're doing

1775
01:00:34,789 --> 01:00:32,799
the low boom flight demonstrator so that

1776
01:00:37,030 --> 01:00:34,799
we can fly across the united states in a

1777
01:00:39,030 --> 01:00:37,040
fraction amount of the time

1778
01:00:40,870 --> 01:00:39,040
and while there will be a sonic boom we

1779
01:00:42,470 --> 01:00:40,880
want to minimize that sonic boom to

1780
01:00:45,270 --> 01:00:42,480
where it's more of a rumble

1781
01:00:47,109 --> 01:00:45,280
um and in fact maybe even imperceptible

1782
01:00:48,710 --> 01:00:47,119
on the earth so we can fly

1783
01:00:50,789 --> 01:00:48,720
across the united states and really

1784
01:00:53,670 --> 01:00:50,799
across the world faster than we've ever

1785
01:00:55,270 --> 01:00:53,680
been able to do before

1786
01:00:57,510 --> 01:00:55,280
but but that's just one experiment

1787
01:00:59,270 --> 01:00:57,520
another experiment that we're doing x-37

1788
01:01:01,349 --> 01:00:59,280
maxwell we're going to actually fly the

1789
01:01:02,950 --> 01:01:01,359
world's first all-electric aircraft

1790
01:01:04,950 --> 01:01:02,960
that's capable of carrying humans and

1791
01:01:07,270 --> 01:01:04,960
cargo which has never been done before

1792
01:01:08,549 --> 01:01:07,280
but in this particular case

1793
01:01:10,710 --> 01:01:08,559
nasa is going to accomplish that the

1794
01:01:12,230 --> 01:01:10,720
idea being the purpose of these x-planes

1795
01:01:13,750 --> 01:01:12,240
is not that we're going to we're going

1796
01:01:15,829 --> 01:01:13,760
to build fleets of these planes but

1797
01:01:18,069 --> 01:01:15,839
we're going to retire risk for the

1798
01:01:19,510 --> 01:01:18,079
technology and then that technology

1799
01:01:21,510 --> 01:01:19,520
again we're going to publish it we're

1800
01:01:23,829 --> 01:01:21,520
going to make it available to the public

1801
01:01:25,430 --> 01:01:23,839
and then companies

1802
01:01:27,589 --> 01:01:25,440
that have an interest in this kind of

1803
01:01:29,270 --> 01:01:27,599
thing after we have retired the risk

1804
01:01:31,589 --> 01:01:29,280
they can take it and they can

1805
01:01:33,670 --> 01:01:31,599
commercialize it and enable us as you

1806
01:01:36,150 --> 01:01:33,680
mentioned which i think is perfect we

1807
01:01:39,109 --> 01:01:36,160
can use this as as a way of maintaining

1808
01:01:40,069 --> 01:01:39,119
america's edge in aviation so we can

1809
01:01:42,150 --> 01:01:40,079
keep

1810
01:01:43,349 --> 01:01:42,160
this as a big part of our export

1811
01:01:45,030 --> 01:01:43,359
capability

1812
01:01:46,309 --> 01:01:45,040
you know people people don't realize a

1813
01:01:48,470 --> 01:01:46,319
lot of times they hear a lot about the

1814
01:01:50,309 --> 01:01:48,480
trade deficit and the balance of

1815
01:01:53,349 --> 01:01:50,319
payments is not equitable but in

1816
01:01:55,589 --> 01:01:53,359
aviation specifically we have a surplus

1817
01:01:57,589 --> 01:01:55,599
in trade it is it is somewhat offsetting

1818
01:01:58,950 --> 01:01:57,599
the trade deficit which is a good thing

1819
01:02:01,510 --> 01:01:58,960
now we're going to have to work really

1820
01:02:03,190 --> 01:02:01,520
hard to maintain that leadership nasa

1821
01:02:04,470 --> 01:02:03,200
does that and the x planes are a big

1822
01:02:05,589 --> 01:02:04,480
piece of it

1823
01:02:07,750 --> 01:02:05,599
but also

1824
01:02:10,309 --> 01:02:07,760
as you're aware you know the the the way

1825
01:02:11,910 --> 01:02:10,319
we're using turbofan engines these days

1826
01:02:14,230 --> 01:02:11,920
uh we're seeing bigger and bigger

1827
01:02:16,950 --> 01:02:14,240
turbofan engines because of reduction

1828
01:02:19,109 --> 01:02:16,960
gear capability between uh the turbine

1829
01:02:20,950 --> 01:02:19,119
and the fan of of an engine which all of

1830
01:02:23,990 --> 01:02:20,960
that technology and capability developed

1831
01:02:26,230 --> 01:02:24,000
by nasa enabling us to export engines as

1832
01:02:27,589 --> 01:02:26,240
well as aircraft so

1833
01:02:28,950 --> 01:02:27,599
what what i have to do as the nasa

1834
01:02:30,309 --> 01:02:28,960
administrator and of course getting

1835
01:02:33,029 --> 01:02:30,319
advice from this

1836
01:02:34,789 --> 01:02:33,039
prestigious group we have to figure out

1837
01:02:37,029 --> 01:02:34,799
at the end of the day

1838
01:02:37,750 --> 01:02:37,039
what capabilities and technologies help

1839
01:02:39,829 --> 01:02:37,760
us

1840
01:02:41,589 --> 01:02:39,839
maintain our edge

1841
01:02:43,670 --> 01:02:41,599
and have the highest probability of

1842
01:02:45,910 --> 01:02:43,680
being commercialized for an export

1843
01:02:48,470 --> 01:02:45,920
capability to help the united states

1844
01:02:49,990 --> 01:02:48,480
maintain its preeminence in aviation

1845
01:02:51,910 --> 01:02:50,000
and of course uh

1846
01:02:53,829 --> 01:02:51,920
nasa has a long history of doing this

1847
01:02:54,950 --> 01:02:53,839
and we want to be able to to continue

1848
01:02:58,150 --> 01:02:54,960
doing this

1849
01:03:00,630 --> 01:02:58,160
uh and and so with the advice of you and

1850
01:03:03,109 --> 01:03:00,640
others on your committee uh we wanna we

1851
01:03:05,029 --> 01:03:03,119
wanna keep keep doing that so

1852
01:03:06,230 --> 01:03:05,039
i know general isles you mentioned that

1853
01:03:08,309 --> 01:03:06,240
we're kind of at the end of the road

1854
01:03:09,990 --> 01:03:08,319
here because of time actually it turns

1855
01:03:12,630 --> 01:03:10,000
out i think we have just a couple of

1856
01:03:14,309 --> 01:03:12,640
questions so like one i was wrong one

1857
01:03:16,390 --> 01:03:14,319
last question and miles i'll leave that

1858
01:03:18,870 --> 01:03:16,400
to you well uh first of all a tip of the

1859
01:03:20,870 --> 01:03:18,880
rabbit ears to you for allowing nasa uh

1860
01:03:22,870 --> 01:03:20,880
the nest advisory council on television

1861
01:03:24,390 --> 01:03:22,880
oh yes yeah it took about as long as it

1862
01:03:26,069 --> 01:03:24,400
took to get to the moon but we're here

1863
01:03:27,750 --> 01:03:26,079
okay so

1864
01:03:30,230 --> 01:03:27,760
if we can send a man to the moon we can

1865
01:03:32,150 --> 01:03:30,240
put the knack on tv

1866
01:03:35,589 --> 01:03:32,160
and uh my next proposal is going to be a

1867
01:03:37,910 --> 01:03:35,599
dedicated fax machine for uh incoming

1868
01:03:40,789 --> 01:03:37,920
comments from people so technology is

1869
01:03:42,230 --> 01:03:40,799
getting pretty crazy here um

1870
01:03:45,750 --> 01:03:42,240
i want to talk about my favorite planet

1871
01:03:47,910 --> 01:03:45,760
earth and the earth science enterprise

1872
01:03:50,230 --> 01:03:47,920
this is an administration from the top

1873
01:03:52,630 --> 01:03:50,240
on down that has expressed

1874
01:03:53,589 --> 01:03:52,640
either skepticism or denial of climate

1875
01:03:55,349 --> 01:03:53,599
science

1876
01:03:56,710 --> 01:03:55,359
yourself included at least on one

1877
01:03:58,230 --> 01:03:56,720
occasion

1878
01:04:01,190 --> 01:03:58,240
to what extent will that affect

1879
01:04:03,670 --> 01:04:01,200
priorities allocation of resources in

1880
01:04:06,069 --> 01:04:03,680
the earth science enterprise at nasa as

1881
01:04:07,829 --> 01:04:06,079
it's a great question miles a couple of

1882
01:04:09,510 --> 01:04:07,839
things that i think are important to

1883
01:04:10,950 --> 01:04:09,520
address number one

1884
01:04:12,789 --> 01:04:10,960
if you look at the president's budget

1885
01:04:14,069 --> 01:04:12,799
request on earth science specific to

1886
01:04:15,510 --> 01:04:14,079
nasa

1887
01:04:17,750 --> 01:04:15,520
it is higher

1888
01:04:20,309 --> 01:04:17,760
than three of the budget requests from

1889
01:04:22,069 --> 01:04:20,319
president obama which i think is a

1890
01:04:23,910 --> 01:04:22,079
a demonstration of the commitment to

1891
01:04:26,390 --> 01:04:23,920
understanding how

1892
01:04:27,829 --> 01:04:26,400
our climate changes and is changing so i

1893
01:04:29,910 --> 01:04:27,839
think that's that's an important point

1894
01:04:32,150 --> 01:04:29,920
it's on par with the fourth

1895
01:04:33,510 --> 01:04:32,160
so we're actually we're healthy there

1896
01:04:35,750 --> 01:04:33,520
of course there can be debates about

1897
01:04:37,270 --> 01:04:35,760
whether or not we need to do more

1898
01:04:39,670 --> 01:04:37,280
but again my goal as the nasa

1899
01:04:41,910 --> 01:04:39,680
administrator is to follow the guidance

1900
01:04:43,670 --> 01:04:41,920
that comes from the decadal surveys in

1901
01:04:46,069 --> 01:04:43,680
this particular case there's a decadal

1902
01:04:47,349 --> 01:04:46,079
survey specific to earth science and

1903
01:04:48,710 --> 01:04:47,359
we're going to follow that guidance and

1904
01:04:50,630 --> 01:04:48,720
i have a history

1905
01:04:52,309 --> 01:04:50,640
you know a lot of time you mentioned the

1906
01:04:55,109 --> 01:04:52,319
narrative on me

1907
01:04:57,270 --> 01:04:55,119
it might not entirely be accurate um

1908
01:04:59,829 --> 01:04:57,280
you can imagine uh in the political

1909
01:05:01,349 --> 01:04:59,839
realm when somebody gets nominated uh

1910
01:05:02,710 --> 01:05:01,359
one side of the aisle thinks that

1911
01:05:04,150 --> 01:05:02,720
they're excellent the other side of the

1912
01:05:05,829 --> 01:05:04,160
aisle thinks that they're terrible and

1913
01:05:07,670 --> 01:05:05,839
they're gonna generate their narratives

1914
01:05:09,670 --> 01:05:07,680
and and sometimes you get caught in the

1915
01:05:12,870 --> 01:05:09,680
crossfire in that but here's the thing

1916
01:05:15,029 --> 01:05:12,880
my history as a member of the armed

1917
01:05:18,069 --> 01:05:15,039
services committee i was very involved

1918
01:05:19,829 --> 01:05:18,079
in an amendment to make sure that

1919
01:05:21,510 --> 01:05:19,839
in fact it was offered by jim langevin

1920
01:05:23,270 --> 01:05:21,520
from rhode island a friend of mine in

1921
01:05:24,710 --> 01:05:23,280
the house of representatives and he said

1922
01:05:26,309 --> 01:05:24,720
he wanted the department of defense to

1923
01:05:28,150 --> 01:05:26,319
do a study on how climate change is

1924
01:05:29,670 --> 01:05:28,160
affecting our national security posture

1925
01:05:31,029 --> 01:05:29,680
and as a navy pilot

1926
01:05:32,950 --> 01:05:31,039
you know i had some experience here and

1927
01:05:34,950 --> 01:05:32,960
as you can imagine democrats were

1928
01:05:36,870 --> 01:05:34,960
against it and republicans were

1929
01:05:38,789 --> 01:05:36,880
or yeah democrats were for the amendment

1930
01:05:41,349 --> 01:05:38,799
republicans were against the amendment

1931
01:05:44,390 --> 01:05:41,359
and i actually stood up on my side of

1932
01:05:46,150 --> 01:05:44,400
the aisle and said no wait a second

1933
01:05:48,549 --> 01:05:46,160
as a navy pilot we're having to defend

1934
01:05:51,109 --> 01:05:48,559
territory we never used to even have to

1935
01:05:52,789 --> 01:05:51,119
defend and our potential adversaries are

1936
01:05:55,109 --> 01:05:52,799
operating in territory they never used

1937
01:05:56,630 --> 01:05:55,119
to be able to operate in and why is that

1938
01:05:58,870 --> 01:05:56,640
well it's because the arctic ice isn't

1939
01:06:01,589 --> 01:05:58,880
there anymore and we can we can pretend

1940
01:06:03,190 --> 01:06:01,599
that it is there but it's not and so

1941
01:06:04,630 --> 01:06:03,200
this does affect our national security

1942
01:06:05,990 --> 01:06:04,640
posture and i made that argument on the

1943
01:06:08,390 --> 01:06:06,000
armed services committee as a member of

1944
01:06:11,510 --> 01:06:08,400
the house long before i ever had the

1945
01:06:13,029 --> 01:06:11,520
opportunity to be nominated for for nasa

1946
01:06:14,390 --> 01:06:13,039
and of course i've been a strong

1947
01:06:16,150 --> 01:06:14,400
advocate of a whole host of earth

1948
01:06:18,069 --> 01:06:16,160
science missions including pace as a

1949
01:06:19,910 --> 01:06:18,079
member of congress and i've i've made

1950
01:06:23,270 --> 01:06:19,920
those arguments as well because we need

1951
01:06:25,430 --> 01:06:23,280
to understand the sources of of carbon

1952
01:06:27,109 --> 01:06:25,440
and the sinks of carbon

1953
01:06:29,190 --> 01:06:27,119
i can tell you this

1954
01:06:31,829 --> 01:06:29,200
and nobody that i know rejects this on

1955
01:06:33,589 --> 01:06:31,839
either side of the aisle carbon dioxide

1956
01:06:34,630 --> 01:06:33,599
is a greenhouse gas

1957
01:06:36,230 --> 01:06:34,640
it is

1958
01:06:37,510 --> 01:06:36,240
there's no i don't know anybody that

1959
01:06:38,870 --> 01:06:37,520
says that it's not

1960
01:06:40,390 --> 01:06:38,880
and we know that we've put more of it

1961
01:06:43,910 --> 01:06:40,400
into the atmosphere than we ever have

1962
01:06:45,430 --> 01:06:43,920
before and so there we are in fact

1963
01:06:47,190 --> 01:06:45,440
responsible for

1964
01:06:49,190 --> 01:06:47,200
the warming of the climate now here's

1965
01:06:52,710 --> 01:06:49,200
what we don't know there's a lot we

1966
01:06:55,190 --> 01:06:52,720
don't know i was just down at jpl

1967
01:06:56,630 --> 01:06:55,200
just two days ago and of course you know

1968
01:06:58,230 --> 01:06:56,640
they've got all their literature and why

1969
01:07:01,029 --> 01:06:58,240
they do all of this earth science kind

1970
01:07:02,390 --> 01:07:01,039
of capability on behalf of nasa

1971
01:07:03,910 --> 01:07:02,400
and of course they they were going

1972
01:07:05,670 --> 01:07:03,920
through all of the things we don't know

1973
01:07:07,190 --> 01:07:05,680
and that's what nasa is for we're for

1974
01:07:08,150 --> 01:07:07,200
trying to understand more when you think

1975
01:07:10,230 --> 01:07:08,160
about

1976
01:07:12,950 --> 01:07:10,240
the lithosphere and the hydrosphere and

1977
01:07:14,470 --> 01:07:12,960
the cryosphere and the biosphere you

1978
01:07:16,150 --> 01:07:14,480
think about biology we're seeing a

1979
01:07:17,910 --> 01:07:16,160
greening of the earth right now because

1980
01:07:20,230 --> 01:07:17,920
there's increased carbon dioxide in the

1981
01:07:22,549 --> 01:07:20,240
atmosphere it's actually happening so

1982
01:07:25,349 --> 01:07:22,559
ultimately the question is how do all of

1983
01:07:26,230 --> 01:07:25,359
these different changes as a result of

1984
01:07:28,549 --> 01:07:26,240
this

1985
01:07:30,549 --> 01:07:28,559
is it destabilizing

1986
01:07:32,549 --> 01:07:30,559
or is it stabilizing

1987
01:07:34,470 --> 01:07:32,559
and in some cases these feedback

1988
01:07:36,150 --> 01:07:34,480
mechanisms are destabilizing and

1989
01:07:39,109 --> 01:07:36,160
sometimes they're they're stabilizing

1990
01:07:40,789 --> 01:07:39,119
but what we know about these subsystems

1991
01:07:43,510 --> 01:07:40,799
of the earth system

1992
01:07:45,430 --> 01:07:43,520
we know because of nasa

1993
01:07:47,190 --> 01:07:45,440
now my goal is to prevent nasa from

1994
01:07:48,870 --> 01:07:47,200
becoming political or partisan that's my

1995
01:07:50,390 --> 01:07:48,880
objective as the nasa administrator in

1996
01:07:51,670 --> 01:07:50,400
order to do that

1997
01:07:53,349 --> 01:07:51,680
we're going to follow the guidance of

1998
01:07:55,670 --> 01:07:53,359
the decadal surveys and we're going to

1999
01:07:57,430 --> 01:07:55,680
do dispassionate science we're going to

2000
01:07:59,109 --> 01:07:57,440
get the data get the information we're

2001
01:08:00,390 --> 01:07:59,119
going to share it i'll tell you what

2002
01:08:03,109 --> 01:08:00,400
we're not going to do though we're not

2003
01:08:06,150 --> 01:08:03,119
going to prescribe what the solution is

2004
01:08:07,109 --> 01:08:06,160
because as soon as nasa delves into that

2005
01:08:08,630 --> 01:08:07,119
then

2006
01:08:10,870 --> 01:08:08,640
people are going to line up on one side

2007
01:08:12,470 --> 01:08:10,880
or the other and we lose our bipartisan

2008
01:08:14,630 --> 01:08:12,480
capability so

2009
01:08:16,390 --> 01:08:14,640
others can say you know what we ought to

2010
01:08:18,630 --> 01:08:16,400
be doing but nasa shouldn't we should be

2011
01:08:20,709 --> 01:08:18,640
do we should do dispassionate science we

2012
01:08:22,950 --> 01:08:20,719
should get the data get the information

2013
01:08:25,110 --> 01:08:22,960
share it with the world in a robust way

2014
01:08:27,590 --> 01:08:25,120
and then have policy makers debate

2015
01:08:29,829 --> 01:08:27,600
that's ultimately what we can and and

2016
01:08:31,430 --> 01:08:29,839
should do so thank you for the question

2017
01:08:32,789 --> 01:08:31,440
it's important it's part of who we are

2018
01:08:34,950 --> 01:08:32,799
as an eight by the way it goes back to

2019
01:08:37,430 --> 01:08:34,960
the creation of nasa at the very

2020
01:08:40,149 --> 01:08:37,440
creation of nasa there was a mission in

2021
01:08:41,349 --> 01:08:40,159
there to understand planet earth which

2022
01:08:44,390 --> 01:08:41,359
is of course

2023
01:08:46,630 --> 01:08:44,400
this tiny blue marble marble in a sea of

2024
01:08:48,709 --> 01:08:46,640
of space so

2025
01:08:50,470 --> 01:08:48,719
thank you for the question and general

2026
01:08:52,070 --> 01:08:50,480
lyles i again

2027
01:08:53,590 --> 01:08:52,080
i want to be really clear about how

2028
01:08:54,789 --> 01:08:53,600
grateful i am for your leadership of

2029
01:08:57,189 --> 01:08:54,799
this committee

2030
01:08:58,149 --> 01:08:57,199
and uh and your your your shepherding of

2031
01:09:00,309 --> 01:08:58,159
this and

2032
01:09:03,669 --> 01:09:00,319
um to the extent that we get

2033
01:09:04,950 --> 01:09:03,679
recommendations um and advice

2034
01:09:07,829 --> 01:09:04,960
know that we're going to take it very

2035
01:09:09,430 --> 01:09:07,839
seriously and and i and and the

2036
01:09:12,309 --> 01:09:09,440
leadership at nasa

2037
01:09:14,470 --> 01:09:12,319
we will we will take it to heart and do

2038
01:09:17,590 --> 01:09:14,480
everything we can to keep america

2039
01:09:19,990 --> 01:09:17,600
preeminent in science based technology

2040
01:09:21,829 --> 01:09:20,000
and of course exploration and discovery

2041
01:09:24,550 --> 01:09:21,839
thank you thank you very much this is a

2042
01:09:26,950 --> 01:09:24,560
very exciting time period for nasa uh in

2043
01:09:28,630 --> 01:09:26,960
all of his responsibilities and we're

2044
01:09:30,550 --> 01:09:28,640
very excited about your leadership and

2045
01:09:31,910 --> 01:09:30,560
very excited about the things we have uh

2046
01:09:33,430 --> 01:09:31,920
that are challenges in some people's

2047
01:09:35,110 --> 01:09:33,440
minds but to me they're great

2048
01:09:36,789 --> 01:09:35,120
opportunities for nasa and for our

2049
01:09:38,229 --> 01:09:36,799
country so awesome thank you very much

2050
01:09:39,910 --> 01:09:38,239
please join me in a round of applause

2051
01:09:41,910 --> 01:09:39,920
for jim breitenstein and nasa

2052
01:09:43,990 --> 01:09:41,920
administrator thank you general